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The company for which you work has a significant investment in the stock of Star-Beasts, Inc. (SBI), which currently manufactures one kind of toy, a large and lovable stuffed monster. SBI is considering expansion of its production facilities and would finance the expansion with long-term borrowing at an expected interest rate of 10%. The market would seem to support the manufacture and sale of 20% more monsters at the current profit margin. The added facilities would cost approximately $3.4 million. Alternatively, SBI could add one of two new lines: a mechanical dragon or a game called Starship Troopers. The numbers below indicate current operating results and projections for the effects of added facilities for manufacturing the new lines. The numbers do not include interest on the new facilities or the company’s 35% income tax rate.

Required

A. In addition to showing the current income statement, prepare pro forma income statements for SBI under each of the three strategies: expanding manufacturing of the current product and adding each of the new lines.

B. Determine the return on assets for the current situation and for each of the three strategies.

C. Indicate under which strategy you would feel most confident about the value of your company’s investment, and explain why.

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Think about a client with whom it would be very difficult or troubling to work. For example, the issue might be a difference in lifestyle, present or past behavior, personal appearance or hygiene, ethnicity, or value conflicts. Describe the client and the situation as fully as you can. Then, explain why you believe this client would be difficult for you to work with.

Identify the values you have that would make working with this client a challenge for you.

Identify the source of your values. Where did they originate– family, school, religious background, a past experience?

What do you imagine are the values (things that are important to them and drive their actions) of the client you described? (Note: Please do not say “this person has no values”. We all have values in life. Really look for what you think they value.)

How can looking at someone’s values help you understand and support difficult clients?

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Hadley v. Baxendale

FACTS The plaintiffs operated a flour mill at Gloucester. They had to stop operating the mill because of a broken crankshaft attached to the steam engine that furnished power to the mill. It was necessary to send the broken shaft to a foundry in Greenwich so that a new shaft could be made. The plaintiffs delivered the broken shaft to the defendants, who were common carriers, for immediate transportation from Gloucester to Greenwich but did not inform the defendants that the mill had ceased operating because of the broken crankshaft. The defendants received the shaft, collected the freight charges in advance, and promised the plaintiffs to deliver the shaft for repairs the following day. The defendants did not make prompt delivery as promised. As a result, the plaintiffs could not operate the mill for several days, thus losing profits that they otherwise would have received. The defendants contended that the loss of profits was too remote, and therefore unforeseeable, to be recoverable. In awarding damages to the plaintiffs, the jury was permitted to consider the loss of these profits.

DECISION Judgment for defendants.

OPINION The appellate court reversed the decision and ordered a new trial on the ground that the special circumstances that caused the loss of profits, namely, the continued stoppage of the mill while awaiting the return of the new crankshaft, had never been communicated by the plaintiffs to the defendants. A common carrier would not reasonably foresee that the plaintiff’s mill would be shut down as a result of delay in transporting the broken crankshaft. Damages for
breach of contract should be such as may fairly and reasonably be considered either arising naturally, i.e., according to the usual course of things, from such breach … or such as may reasonably be supposed to have been in the contemplation of both parties at the time they made the contract, as the probable result of the breach of it.

INTERPRETATION Damages are recoverable only for those damages that were foreseeable at the time of entering into the contract.

ETHICAL QUESTION Is the court’s decision fair? Explain.

CRITICAL THINKING QUESTION Should damages be limited to those that are foreseeable? Explain.

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Living through a pandemic, surrounded by death and illness and growing inequality, is a difficult thing. But when adding toall that feelings of guilt around still being alive and even well, it just compounds the psychological effects of the pandemic.We all know the coronavirus pandemic has had and continues to affect many people in ways that are unseen. Whilemillions of people are falling ill and passing away from the virus, there are millions of others who are living with thepsychological effects. These are often not visible in any way.What is survivors’ guilt?One of the emerging experiences of the pandemic is the feeling of guilt, more specifically survivors’ guilt. Survivors’ guilttakes place when an individual experiences and survives a traumatic experience but they find themselves feeling like theyare undeserving of survival or that someone else would have been more deserving. It is a form of post-traumatic stressdisorder (PTSD).Survivors’ guilt as a psychological condition emerged after the Holocaust. It has also been documented among active-dutycombat veterans; survivors of events like the 9/11 attacks, mass shootings, or serious illness.Experts have now said that this is becoming more and more common as the pandemic continues. Akua K. Boateng, PhD,
LPC, a licensed psychotherapist, told Healthline that “it can be really challenging to have a positive or better outcome post-trauma when you know that others have not been afforded a similar opportunity”.
This type of guilt affects everyone and no one is immune because we are all experiencing collective trauma. However, it islikely to be more common in people who have been infected by the virus and recovered. Those who are dealing with longCovid could get reminders of guilt everyday. People who might have spread the virus without knowing can also experienceit. The pandemic has presented many ethically difficult scenarios. This includes not being able to comfort an ill familymember in person, surviving when others are dying, and being unable to provide for one’s family because of loss ofemployment. These can all cause guilt.A guide to caring for patients with mild and moderate Covid-19 at homeThe psychological effects of the pandemicProf. Puleng Segalo, professor of psychology at the University of South Africa, told The Daily Vox that some of thepsychological effects of the pandemic have been loneliness, a sense of helplessness, anxiety and depression. Segalo saidbecause the pandemic has affected people differently, there might be those who feel guilty that people around them areexperiencing loss and they are not.“Things might be going well for them at work and interpersonal relationships are intact, while others are losing their jobs asa result of the economic impact of COVID-19. There are things that are often out of an individual’s control but they may feelsomehow responsible and this may lead to them feeling guilty,” said Segalo.All of this can be seen as survivors’ guilt. People can become consumed by reports of the pandemic and wonder why theyhave been spared. Segalo said it can manifest in a huge emotional load that may affect sleeping patterns, cause stress andsome physical symptoms of being unwell (e.g. headaches).Dealing with the guiltIn a piece on The Conversation, David Chesire and Mark S. McIntosh from the University of Florida wrote that managingsurvivor’s guilt is an individual process, and what works for one may not work for another. There is a recognition that evenas people go through individual grieving processes, healing comes from realising how connected we all are.Segalo said that it is important for people to know and realise that this feeling of guilt is normal and it shows that “you canfeel for others”. “Most of all, acknowledging that you do not have to go through dealing with trauma alone but collectively isimportant,” said Segalo.
Some tips that Prof Segalo gave for dealing with survivors’ guilt:Shifting from internalising and instead finding people/safe avenues to express how you are feeling can assist with lifting theload you are carrying.Exercise some self-care, write about your feelings, meditate and consider being involved in charitable organisations eithermonetarily or assisting in other ways necessary.Leaning on your friends and family members for emotional support. Having trusted people in your life on whose shouldersyou can cry is critical.You may also consider going for professional psychological counselling or joining a support group.For religious people, turning towards their spirituality can be helpful.

The case has not provided a suitable definition of downsizing. Provide a description of what you understand by downsizingand how COVID – 19 has perpetuated further downsizing in South Africa.

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