solution

Budget implications of extrabudgetary funds (EBFs).14 If there are strong grounds for creating an EBF for a particular purpose (e.g., for social security), a special law may need to be adopted. Some countries restrict the creation of EBF funds. For example, Finland’s 1999 constitution prevents such funds being created unless there is a supermajority in parliament and then only if the fund carries out an essential duty of the state. In countries whose spending from EBFs is not included in annual appropriation laws, the BSL should specify that the target fiscal aggregates (for central or general government) include the projected revenues and expenditures of all off-budget activities. The BSL should also require reporting of EBFs in annual budget documentation.