describe what is meant by the ‘two-hit’ hypothesis as an explanation for the development of schizophrenia.

Question 13 (4 marks)

Provide two clear distinctions between sensitive periods and critical periods of learning.

Question 14 (2 marks)

Distinguish normal behaviour from abnormal behaviour in relation to mental illness.

Question 15 (3 marks)

In terms of Schizophrenia

a. describe a biological cause of schizophrenia.

1 mark

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b. describe what is meant by the ‘two-hit’ hypothesis as an explanation for the development of schizophrenia.

2 marks

Question 16 (3 marks)

In terms of contributing factors to mood disorders such as depression

a. describe a biological cause.

1 mark

b. describe a psychological cause

1 mark

c. describe a social cause

1 mark

Question 16 (10 marks

 Dr Scott aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep and mental health for adolescents.

 Dr Scott advertised via various social media avenues and websites calling for volunteers who are full-time secondary students aged between 15-18.

 522 participants agreed to volunteer.

 All students were sent a pair of reusable wireless electrodes that could be stuck to 3 areas of the forehead just prior to going to sleep.

 The students were required to wear the wireless electrodes every night for the two week period during the middle of second term.

 The electrodes were monitored by an external computer that could accurately record the duration of sleep (including deductions for periods of wakefulness during the night).

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 To simplify the research investigation Dr Scott decided that phase two of the experiment would only involve students who averaged less than 6 hours sleep per night and students

who averaged between 8-9 hours per night for the two week period.

 Consequently there were 193 participants who fulfilled these criteria.

 Then all students were given a self-rating well-being test which measured their mood, level of anxiety, resilience, temperament, etc.

 A score between 80-100 indicated mental health on a mental health continuum, a score of 50-79 indicated mental health problems and a score of 49 or less indicated mental illness.

 The results for the two groups are summarised as follows.

Students who

averaged less

than 6 hours

sleep per night

for 2 week period

Students who

averaged

between 8-9

hours’ sleep per

night for 2 week

period

Number of students 55 136

Average scored for virtual well-being

test out of 100

62.3 81.1

Question 16 (10 marks)

Write a discussion that includes

 A conclusion and implications

 identification and evaluation of the research design used

 discussion of the impact of these two extraneous variable on the results: non-standardised procedures; placebo effect

 discussion of methods that could be used to overcome these 2 extraneous variables

 discussion of extent to which results can be generalised to the wider population.

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Extra lines (clearly indicate the question you are continuing)

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Student Name: _________________________

Multiple-choice response sheet

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