A study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) found that the average annual hours actually worked per worker has decreased in most of Western Europe in the first decade of the 2000s. Suppose an OECD-wide survey is conducted that found that 43% of the responding workers in the survey cited ‘less business, less work’ as the number one reason for this reduction in the annual working hours. Suppose you want to test this figure in the Netherlands to determine whether Dutch workers feel the same way. A random sample of 315 Dutch full-time workers whose work-week has been getting shorter is chosen. They are offered a selection of possible reasons for this reduction and 120 pick ‘less business, less work’. Use techniques presented in this chapter and an alpha of 0.05 to test to determine whether the 43% figure for Western Europe for this reason holds true in the Netherlands.

Crash Data The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety conducts experiments in which cars are crashed into a fixed barrier at 40 mph. The barrier’s deformable face is made of aluminum honeycomb, which makes the forces in the test similar to those involved in a frontal offset crash between two vehicles of the same weight, each going just less than 40 mph. Suppose you want to know if the mean head injury resulting from this offset crash is the same for large family cars, passenger vans, and midsize utility vehicles. The researcher wants to determine if the means for head injury for each class of vehicle are different. The following data were collected from the institute’s study.

(a) State the null and alternative hypotheses.

(b) Verify that the requirements to use the one-way ANOVA procedure are satisfied. Normal probability plots indicate that the sample data come from normal populations.

(c) Test the hypothesis that the mean head injury for each vehicle type is the same at the level of significance.

(d) Draw boxplots of the three vehicle types to support the analytic results obtained in part (c).