Financial Case Analysis

Financial Case Analysis. 5) Heinz Case

Remember:  you are providing an analysis to Heinz insiders to help them make an informed decision. Please consider addressing the following questions in your summary:

1. How to estimate the WACC for Heinz at the start of fiscal year 2010? What was the WACC one year earlier? As you do this, carefully note the points of judgment or assumptions made in the calculation. A small simple table/paragraph summarizing the weights, cost of debt and cost of equity, and WACCs might be useful.

2. What is your best estimate of the WACC for Kraft Foods, Campbell Soup Company, and Del Monte Foods? Based on your findings, how do these comparable firms’ WACCs influence your thinking about the WACC for Heinz?

Your submission should be a two-page Executive Summary with 12 font and normal margins. Remember to focus and to be as clear and concise as possible in describing the issue, the results, and your opinion; the goal is to help senior managers make a more informed decision moving forward.

Team Presentations (from now on all presentations will be graded)

Remember to lay out an agenda, introduce each member, have each member present, be prepared to answer questions. Limit your presentation to 30 minutes. Remember to speak clearly and loudly, make eye contact with your audience, do not read from note cards, and do not simply read the slide. Communicate your points clearly to the audience. Recall that the presentation style itself will not be graded; just the quality and veracity of the content and preparation. PRACTICE!!!

Financial Case Analysis

 
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Compensation Plan

Compensation Plan. Assignment: Compensation Plan Outline

 

Using the same company you researched in Assignment 1, evaluate the company’s compensation plan to determine how it could be improved.

Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you:

  • Evaluate the existing compensation plan to determine if it is the most appropriate for your company. Explain your rationale.
  • Determine the most beneficial ratio of internally consistent and market consistent compensations systems for the company you selected.
  • EvaluAssignment: Compensation Plan Outline

     

    Using the same company you researched in Assignment 1, evaluate the company’s compensation plan to determine how it could be improved.

    Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you:

    • Evaluate the existing compensation plan to determine if it is the most appropriate for your company. Explain your rationale.
    • Determine the most beneficial ratio of internally consistent and market consistent compensations systems for the company you selected.
    • Evaluate the current pay structure used by your company and assess the recognition of employee contributions.
    • Make two (2) recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the discretionary benefits provided by the company you selected.
    • Evaluate the types of employer-sponsored retirement plans and health insurance programs provided by the company you selected and compare them to that company’s major competitors.
    • Use at least three (3) quality references. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.

    Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

    • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
    • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.Running head: COMPENSATION PRACTICE 1

      COMPENSATION PRACTICE 9

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

      Compensation Practice

      Name

      Instructor

      Course Title

      Date

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

      Abstract

      Compensation practices have been used by the Apple Company, which is a multinational company based in America with its headquarters located in Cupertino. The Apple Company is known for developing, designing and selling computer software such as iTunes, iOS operating systems, among other consumer electronics. Their popular products in the Mac line are computers, iPads, iPhones, and iPods. The company is ranked number three in the phone making category, after Nokia and Samsung. The company has penetrated in more than 14 countries making it, by market capitalization, one of the largest publicly traded global companies.

      Apple Company has an objective for employees on the platform of compensation. The company aims at attracting and retaining their executives since they ensure succeeds in the market competition. The company strives to achieve the objective on the company’s stakeholders. Compensation committee in the company determines the compensation for the executives of the company as well as overseeing the compensation program. Executive compensation strategy has been the greatest tool in the achievements of the company. Another compensation strategy used by Apple Company is performance-based cash incentive. Apple’s compensation committee determines the compensation plans of its employees and executives.

      The company employs competitive strategies in finding out the compensation effects on the senior officials, employees, and stakeholders. There are three major challenges facing Apple Company, as well as attracting new employees, who have strong talents, controlling the labor costs and multinational operations challenge. Apple Company has employed compensation strategies that conform to compensation laws used globally and at the local country it operates. The traditional base for pay focuses on giving merits on seniority and therefore becomes effective since it facilitates a common ground to control compensation matters.

      Compensation Strategy of Apple Company

      For any company, they need to focus on the efficiency of operations since they pay their employees in return for the work done (O’Grady, 2009, p. 67). To avoid employee frustrations and bond frictions, a company and employees need to have a broad agreement on binding documents about the compensation package. Therefore, in that perspective, Apple Company has an objective for employees on the platform of compensation. The company aims at attracting and retaining their executives since they ensure succeeds in the market competition. The company strives to achieve the objective on the business’s stakeholders. Compensation committee in the business determines the compensation for the executives of the company as well as overseeing the compensation program. Through a good compensation program, the company believes that financial performance can improve in the challenging macroeconomic environment if compensation management is effective.

      Executive compensation strategy has been the greatest tool to the achievements of the company. The strategy involves rewards such as base salaries, yearly bonuses out of the performance and long-term equity rewards. Notably, the strategy has ensured retention of performing executive leaders, as well as attracting the most outstanding executive team. Besides that, the strategy aims at determining supplementary rewards that stimulate the performance of the employees. The company rewards the mentioned employees with long-term equity rewards after every two years. The company does not stress so much on the overall monetary compensation but on equity rewards, thus, shaping its annual performance-based cash bonus from the named executive employee (“Apple, Inc. Executive Salaries & Other Compensation | Salary.com,” n.d.).

      Another compensation strategy used by Apple Company is performance-based cash incentive. The strategy has help Apple Company in attaining its goals, objectives as well as attaining better financial performance as compared with its competitors.

      How the Compensation Practice Has Determined Positive/Negative Impacts to the Apple Company and Its Stakeholders

      One way of indicating fair and equal plan effectiveness is through compensation impact. Employees show that they are satisfied with compensation programs through their behavior, as well as presenting a positive work attitude. Thus, the company benefits from the employee’s actions of higher performance and improved effectiveness. Apple Company has a compensation committee that determines the compensation plans of its employees and executives. The compensation plans are reviewed every year. The company employs competitive strategies in finding out the compensation effects on the senior officials, employees, and stakeholders. Besides this, the company has employed different governance techniques as well as charters so as to determine compensation impact. Occasionally, the committee reviews the policy on compensation to consider if it is still appropriate for use. Moreover, the committee approves the incentive, benefits policy, and the entire compensation policy of any employee, but more so, that of senior executive officers (“AAPL Apple, Inc. Executive Compensation,” n.d.).

      Also, compensation impact is assessed by the committee through annual performance evaluation. The same is also done by the governing board of Apple Company. Through this, the efforts of hard working executive members are acknowledged, as well as the individuals that partake in the financially based impact of the company.

       

       

      Challenges Related to Compensation Strategy Used by Apple Company

      There are three major challenges facing Apple Company. To begin with is retaining, as well as attracting new employees who have strong talents. Due to high competition in the labor market for employees, the Apple’s compensation committee must recognize that and factor in the increasing competitive salaries and talented employees. The competition has raised wars in the multinational companies dealing with computer and software technologies. Therefore, Apple’s compensation committee is expected to aim higher and come up with a good enticing compensation plan for qualified and talented employees. Again, the compensation committee should aim at enhancing employee retention by developing a more complicated compensation strategy (“Apple, Inc. Executive Salaries & Other Compensation | Salary.com,” n.d.).

      Another challenge the Apple Company is facing is controlling the labor costs. The company’s budget has constraints in the countries that have constricted economies; meanwhile, war arises among information technology companies. Thus, the labor costs go up than the amount paid to the employees. As a result, the creation of effective compensation strategies becomes challenging.

      Finally, Apple Company is facing a multinational operations challenge. Apple being a multinational company operating in different countries, it should, therefore, have strategies that balance expectations and employees’ needs in the various countries. Again the compensation strategies chosen should conform to the local customs and laws against global corporate policies. Sometimes adjusting this has been a significant problem for Apple Company.

       

       

      How Laws, Market Factors and Labor Unions Impact Compensation Practices of Apple

      Apple Company has employed compensation strategies that conform to compensation laws used globally and at the local country it operates. In this case, compensation laws and regulations become critical to Apple Company as it can undermine or improve compensation strategies used. Therefore, any established compensation strategy must conform to the law. Again, Apple should agree with the country’s compulsory leave to employees, bonuses, working hours, and minimum salaries for both permanent and temporary employees (“Apple, Inc. Executive Salaries & Other Compensation | Salary.com,” n.d.).

      Again, the compensation strategies should also consider the workers are working overtime. According to the law established, then all workers working overtime should be compensated effectively. For instance, the National Labor Relations Act states that private employees must be protected against the unfair labor practices of employers. Federal Labor Law is formed to regulate unions, employers, as well as employee relations. Labor unions have a greater impact on compensation since they have employees’ bargaining power. Therefore, they can directly affect employees’ wages, salaries, and total compensations. Through effective labor unions, employees can get the best compensation for the work done.

      The market factors have impacted compensation strategies of Apple Company. Due to increasing competition in the information technology market, Apple Company must compete favorably by setting aside some finances for compensation. By doing so, evaluation reports are given by the compensation committee every year which says that the employee performance is increasing since they are motivated.

       

      Effectiveness of Traditional Base for Pay approach

      According to Need (2006), compensation strategy aims at motivating, retaining and attracting the most talented employees to the Apple Company. To ensure consistent financial success for the company, choices on compensation strategy must be made right. A traditional pay approach is perceived to be consistent and fair. The same approach can produce either productive or non-productive results. The truth of the matter is, with merit pay calls for binding to the ongoing employee training that can result in high costs.

      The traditional base for pay focuses on giving merits on seniority and therefore becomes effective since it facilitates a common ground to control compensation matters. The approach provides a company with good criteria based on compensation evaluation. Reports should be drawn to show whether employees are rewarded more than necessary. The approach also serves as an important assessment tool on the company’s internal pay equity. Since all jobs in practice are based on a single system, it enables the company to compare what employees are getting across the board. More on that, the approach facilitates company market testing on the competitiveness of the pay scale. Again the approach allows all jobs to be scored using methods equitable to the other practices (“AAPL Apple, Inc. Executive Compensation,” n.d.). Thus making the approach quite objective and again makes the paying system dependable as well as consistent. Hence employees won’t see compensation program as arbitrary.

      Unlike other compensation approaches, such as incentive-based and person-focused, traditional base for pay may have some shortcomings. The approach emphasizes an upward career orientation, and senior executives continue getting the compensation. It also emphasizes on bureaucracy as well as the hierarchy in an organization. Finally, this approach fails to accurately compensate for the performance of talented employees.

      In summary of the above discussion, Apple Company’s compensation strategy is not just to build a strong competitive edge, but supports human resource processes and helps the company in becoming highly efficient in these processes and leading in the information technology industry. The strategy has managed to attract top talents from global job markets to the company; therefore, retaining the talents for the best outcome of the company.

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

      References

      AAPL Apple, Inc. Executive Compensation. (n.d.). Retrieved on October 29, 2016, from http://insiders.morningstar.com/trading/executive-compensation.action?t=AAPL

      Apple, Inc. Executive Salaries & Other Compensation | Salary.com. (n.d.). Retrieved on

      October 29, 2016, from http://www1.salary.com/APPLE-INC-Executive-Salaries.html

      Need, W. C. D. H. P. (2006). Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage.

      O’Grady, J. D. (2009). Apple, Inc. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

    ate the current pay structure used by your company and assess the recognition of employee contributions.

  • Make two (2) recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the discretionary benefits provided by the company you selected.
  • Evaluate the types of employer-sponsored retirement plans and health insurance programs provided by the company you selected and compare them to that company’s major competitors.
  • Use at least three (3) quality references. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.

Compensation Plan

 
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Environmental Engineering Essay

Environmental Engineering Essay.

Assignment  – Connecting Course Content with Current Events; Solid Waste and Superfund

I would like each of you to locate two journal articles, written within the last 5 years, that relate to the content of this course since the first homework.  This includes the Solid Waste Disposal Act, RCRA, and CERCLA.  I recommend using Google Scholar (scholar.google.com) to make finding articles a little easier.  You may need to log into the Pollak Library proxy server to have access to more journals.  Let me know if you need help figuring out the library proxy.

Be certain to cite the articles, using proper APA formatting guidelines.

After reading the article(s), write a three-page, double-spaced review with three goals in mind.  First, critique the article itself.  Is it well-written, well-organized, and does it address pertinent issues?  Second, emphasize how this article exemplifies the original intent of the Act you chose.  Third, describe the aspect of the Law that is being questioned or applied and summarize how this impacts other current events of which you are aware or aspects of your own life.

The assignment is due at midnight on February 16th (that is, at the end of Monday, the beginning of Tuesday).  Use Times New Roman or Calibri font at 12pt.  Use 1-inch margins on all sides

Environmental Engineering Essay

 
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Environmental Issues in Construction

Environmental Issues in Construction.

1

EHST 3060/61:

Environmental Issues in

Construction

ď‚ž To give a general overview of the various

hazards to which construction workers

may be exposed

ď‚ž Health hazards

 Physical hazard

 Chemical hazard

 Biological hazard

 Ergonomic hazard

ď‚ž Safety hazards

 Unsafe act

 Unsafe condition

ď‚ž Construction work is dynamic, diverse, and

constantly changing. This poses a great

challenge in protecting the health and safety

of construction workers.

ď‚ž Construction workers are at risk of exposure

to various workplace hazards that can result

in injury, illness, disability, or even death.

 

ď‚ž Constantly changing job site environments and conditions

ď‚ž Multiple contractors and subcontractors

ď‚ž High turnover; unskilled laborers

ď‚ž Constantly changing relationships with other work groups

ď‚ž Diversity of work activities occurring simultaneously

 Exposures to health hazards resulting from own work as well as from nearby activities (“bystander exposure”)

ď‚ž Private industry construction workers had a

fatal occupational injury rate nearly 3 times

that of all workers in the U.S.

 9.7 per 100,000 construction workers

 3.3 per 100,000 workers

ď‚ž Construction has 3 of the 10 occupations

with the highest fatal injury rates (per

100,000 full-time equivalent workers)

 Roofers at 34.7 fatal work injuries

 Structural iron and steel workers at 30.3

 Laborers at 18.3

 

 

2

ď‚ž Number: 721 workers

ď‚ž Percent: 16% of all fatal occupational injuries

1. Falls: 34% of fatal occupational injuries in

construction

 48% of all fatal falls in private industry were to

construction workers.

2. Transportation-related events: 25%

3. Contact with objects and equipment: 19%

4. Exposure to harmful substances and

environments: 16%

1. Falls, slips and trips: 35% of fatal

occupational injuries in construction

2. Roadway (e.g. transportation-related): 12%

3. Struck by object and equipment: 10%

4. Homicide: 1%

http://www.bls.gov/news.release/cfoi.t02.htm

 Hazard – inherent potency to cause harm

to a person

 Risk – probability of being exposed to a

hazard

 

ď‚ž Health hazards

 Physical

 Chemical

 Biological

 Ergonomic

ď‚ž Safety hazards

 Unsafe act

 Unsafe condition

Occupational

Disease

Occupational

Injury

Occupations Potential Health Hazards

Brickmasons Cement material, awkward postures, heavy loads

Drywall installers Plaster dust, heavy loads, awkward postures

Electricians Heavy metals in solder fumes, awkward posture, heavy loads, asbestos

Painters Solvent vapors, toxic metals in pigments, paint additives

Pipefitters Lead fumes and particles, welding fumes, asbestos dust

Carpet layers Knee trauma, awkward postures, glue and glue vapor

Insulation workers Asbestos, synthetic fibers, awkward postures

Roofers Roofing tar, heat

Carpenters Noise, awkward postures, repetitive motion

Drillers, earth, rock Silica dust, whole-body vibration, noise

Excavating and loading machine operators

Silica dust, histoplasmosis, whole-body vibration, heat stress, noise

Hazardous waste workers

Heat stress, toxic chemicals

 

 

3

ď‚ž Different types of energy which may be hazardous to workers

 Noise

 Vibration

 Extreme temperature

 Extreme pressure

 Radiation

What are found

in construction?

ď‚ž Prolonged exposure to

excessive noise levels

(>85 dB) can cause

noise-induced hearing

loss.

 When you are exposed

to excessive noise

levels, the first stage is

temporary hearing loss.

 Over time, the hearing

loss becomes

permanent.

Probable Noise Levels of Some Common

Construction Equipment at Operator’s Ear

Equipment or Tool Noise level will

probably exceed

Back hoe 85 dB

Bulldozer 87 dB

Chopsaw 92 dB

Grader/scraper 107 dB

Front end loader 90 dB

Jackhammer 102 dB

Nail-gun 97 dB

Router 90 dB

Welding equipment 92 dB

Source: U.W. Dept. of Environmental &

Occupational Health Services – Rick

Neitzel July, 2005

ď‚ž Type of equipment being operated

ď‚ž Condition/maintenance of the equipment

ď‚ž Other equipment running at the same time

ď‚ž Enclosed or partially enclosed spaces

What factors influence the noise levels to which workers are exposed?

ď‚ž Can occur from operating large mobile

equipment

 Drillers

 Air hammers

 Pile drivers

 Tractors

 Graders

 Excavators

 Earth-moving equipment

 Other large machinery

Hand-arm vibration can result from using hand-

held power tools (i.e. pneumatic drills and

hammers and disc grinders).

Hand-arm vibration may

cause carpal tunnel

syndrome, a disease that

affects the fingers and hands.

In the long run, permanent

damages to the nerves will

result in a loss of the sense of

touch and dexterity.

ď‚ž A change in body temperature due to extreme

work environmental conditions can lead to

stress or illness from heat or cold.

Cold temperatures can lead to fatigue,

irregular breathing, confusion, and

hypothermia.

 

 

Heavy work in high temperatures can

cause muscle cramps, dehydration,

and heat stroke.

 

 

4

ď‚ž Hot conditions

 Prolonged work under direct sunlight in summer

 Wearing impermeable protective clothing when

doing heavy work

 Working in an

enclosed area with a

strong heat source,

poor ventilation, and

high humidity

ď‚ž Cold conditions

 Cold air temperatures

 Rain, snow, sleet, or other wet weather

conditions

 Windy conditions

 Underground construction work

 Working over water and falling in

 

ď‚ž X-rays and gamma rays from equipment

used:

 To gauge the density and thickness of pipes

 To inspect welds

 For detecting weakness of metal structures

ď‚ž Radioactive isotopes from flow meters

ď‚ž Health effects

 Increased risk of

developing cancer and

genetic disease

 

ď‚ž Ultraviolet light from sunlight &

welding

ď‚ž Infrared radiation from torch

welding and cutting

ď‚ž Radio waves from radio transmission

devices (roof-top dishes &

antennas)

ď‚ž Lasers used for aligning, ranging,

and surveying are usually low-

powered but can cause eye injuries

if directly viewed for extended time Rooftop radio antenna

Welding ultraviolet light

ď‚ž Health effects

 Skin cancer

 Eye damage

 Premature skin aging

 Burns

ď‚ž Liquid

ď‚ž Gases

ď‚ž Vapors

ď‚ž Particulates

 Dust

 Fumes

 Mists

 Smoke

What are found

in construction?

 

 

5

ď‚ž Chemicals are found in variety of

products used at construction sites.

ď‚ž Workers may also be exposed to

chemicals generated during construction

activities.

• Welding fumes

• Spray paints

• Cutting oil mists

• Solvents

• Hexavalent chromium

• Asbestos

• Lead

• Silica

• Cadmium

• Carbon monoxide

ď‚ž Chemicals can enter the body through:

 Inhalation – breathed in; typically

the most common route of entry

 

 Ingestion – accidental swallowing

through eating, drinking or smoking

 

 Absorption – absorbed through

contact with skin or eyes

 Injection – chemical enters the body by skin

puncture rarely occurs (e.g. paint from a high-

pressure spray gun); a minor route of exposure

in construction

ď‚ž Two types of health effects from chemical exposure

HEALTH EFFECTS EXPOSURE EXAMPLE

ACUTE

Appears immediately or within short time following exposure, (minutes or hours); death possible from some hazardous substances

Typically sudden, short-term, high concentration

Headache, collapse or death from high levels of carbon monoxide

CHRONIC

Usually develops slowly, as long as 15- 20 years or more

Continued or repeated for a prolonged period, usually years

Lung cancer from exposure to asbestos

AVOID BREATHING AIRBORNE

ASBESTOS FIBERS Asbestos pipe insulation

ď‚ž Construction workers may be exposed to

asbestos during demolition or remodeling of

older buildings built before 1980 which can

contain asbestos insulation, or other asbestos

containing products. Asbestos removal can

only be done by specially trained asbestos

workers.

ď‚ž Asbestos exposure can cause breathing

problems, lung cancer and cancer of the lung

lining many years after exposure.

Welding on a stainless steel tank,

generating hexavalent chromium Welding in a confined space

ď‚ž Welding fumes contain a variety of chemicals

depending on what is being welded on,

chemical makeup of welding rods, fluxes and

shielding gases.

ď‚ž Most hazardous welding activities:

ď‚ž A variety of solvents with

varying degrees of toxicity

are used in construction

(e.g. paints, glues and

epoxies)

ď‚ž Generally, the possibility of

exposure to excessive

amounts of solvent vapors

is greater when solvents are

handled in enclosed or

confined spaces.

 

 

6

ď‚ž Solvents can:

 Irritate your eyes, nose or

throat

 Make you dizzy, high, sleepy,

give you a headache or

cause you to pass out

 Affect your judgment or

coordination

 Cause internal damage to

your body

 Dry out or irritate your skin

 

 

Brick cutting Concrete cutting Blowing concrete dust

with compressed air

ď‚ž Silica or quartz dust exposure is very

common in construction from drilling, cutting

or grinding on concrete, sandblasting, rock

drilling or in masonry work.

ď‚ž Exposure to excessive silica dust causes lung

scarring and lung disease over time.

 

ď‚ž Construction workers can be exposed to lead

on bridge repair work, lead paint removal on

metal structures or buildings or demolition of

old buildings with lead paint, or using lead

solder.

ď‚ž Lead is highly toxic and can cause severe,

long term health problems

Carcinogens Cancer Caused

Benzene Leukemia

Polyvinyl chloride

(PVC)

Liver cancer

Methylene chloride Pancreatic and liver cancer

Trichloroethylene Bladder cancer, lymphomas

Perchloroethylene Liver and kidney cancer

Polychlorinated

biphenyls (PCB)

Liver, pituitary and

gastrointestinal tumors;

leukemia; lymphomas

Dioxin and furan Leukemia, lymphoma

ď‚ž Exposure to chemicals or lack of

oxygen in confined spaces can be

deadly.

ď‚ž Airborne chemicals can quickly

reach dangerous levels in

confined spaces that are not

ventilated.

 Carbon monoxide

 Hydrogen sulfide

 Welding fumes

 Solvent vapors

 

 

ď‚ž Microorganisms

 Bacteria

 Virus

 Fungi

ď‚ž Parasites

ď‚ž Insects

ď‚ž Organic aerosols

ď‚ž Plants

ď‚ž Animals

What are found

in construction?

 

 

7

ď‚ž Diseases or illnesses can occur

from biological sources

 Virus – West Nile virus; Hantavirus

 Insect – Lyme disease

 Fungi – Histoplasmosis

 Plant toxins – poison oak, sumac,

stinging nettles

ď‚ž Some of these diseases are minor

infections.

ď‚ž Others can be serious or deadly.

Poison oak

Stinging nettle

ď‚ž Exposure may occur during demolition,

renovation, sewer work, work on air

handling systems, or other construction

work from contact with contaminated or

disease-carrying

 Soil

 Water

 Insects (mosquitoes, ticks)

 Bird or bat droppings

 Animals

 Structures

 

Pigeon droppings in

abandoned building

ď‚ž Ergonomic hazards can cause painful and

disabling injuries to joints and muscles.

ď‚ž Ergonomic hazards are the most frequently

occurring health hazards in construction and

the cause of most injuries.

ď‚ž Injuries can occur from:

 Heavy, frequent, or awkward lifting

 Repetitive tasks

 Awkward postures and grips

 Using excessive force, overexertion

 Using wrong tools for the job

or using tools improperly

 Using improperly maintained tools

 Hand-intensive work

ď‚ž Can lead to musculoskeletal

disorders (MSDs) and injuries

 Strains and sprains

 Tendonitis

 Carpal tunnel syndrome

 Low back pain

 Fatigue

To what health hazards is this construction

worker simultaneously exposed to?

ď‚ž In some cases, workers can be exposed to

several health hazards at the same time or

on the same worksite over time.

 

 

 

8

ď‚ž Falls (from heights)

ď‚ž Trench collapse

ď‚ž Scaffold collapse

ď‚ž Electrocution

 Caught-in and –between hazards

ď‚ž Struck-by hazards

ď‚ž Failure to use proper PPE

ď‚ž Using shortcuts in performing a task

Unsafe act

Unsafe conditions

ď‚ž Falls

 Caught-in or –between

ď‚ž Struck-by

ď‚ž Electrocution

ď‚ž Health hazards

 Physical

 Chemical

 Biological

 Ergonomic

ď‚ž Safety hazards

 Unsafe acts and

conditions

Occupational

Disease Occupational

Injury

Occupational Hazards ď‚ž Division of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), Washington State Department of

Labor and Industries

ď‚ž Construction Safety and Health (NIOSH) –

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/constructi

on/

ď‚ž Occupational Safety and Health

Administration (OSHA), Construction

Industry: Outreach Training Program –

http://www.osha.gov/dte/outreach/constru

ction/index.html

 

Environmental Issues in Construction

 
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