Biology Homework 4

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Biology Homework 4. 1. Chimpanzees exhibit 99% genetic similarity to humans. Cows share approximately 80% of their DNA sequence with humans. Scientists can predict the relative age of a common ancestor using DNA sequences. Which of the following statements regarding molecular clocks is true?

A. Molecular clocks cannot provide information regarding the relatedness of organisms or how distantly related common ancestors are from descendant species.

B. Chimpanzees, humans, and cows were at one time more closely related, but due to genetic drift have become more distantly related from one another.

C. Cows do not share a common ancestor with chimpanzees and humans, and any genetic relatedness is by chance.

D. The common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans lived more recently than the common ancestor of cows, chimpanzees, and humans.

E. The common ancestor of cows, chimpanzees, and humans lived more recently than the common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans.

2. Researchers often use mice to evaluate potential medications for treating human disease. If a medication is successful in the mouse model, it then must be further tested in human clinical trials. Which of the following best explains why clinical trials are necessary?

A. Mice are much smaller than humans.

B. Mice and humans evolved independently of one another.

C. Mice and humans have very different biochemistries.

D. Mice and humans live in different environments.

E. Mice and humans have only 80% genetic similarity.

Biology Homework 4

 
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The Cell, The Fundamental Unit of Life

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The Cell, The Fundamental Unit of Life. Name:       Sec:

 

Chapter 3: The Cell, The Fundamental Unit of Life

 

Module 3.5 The nucleus houses DNA packaged as chromosomes.

 

1. The       houses the majority of a cell’s DNA.

 

2. Complete the following diagram of a nucleus:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. You are a biologist looking at samples of pond water. Using a microscope to investigate your samples, you identify a cell with a nucleus. Briefly explain how you know immediately that this is not a prokaryote. Additionally, without further investigation, would you be able to determine if it was a plant or animal cell?

 

4. Complete the following table regarding the nucleus:

  Nuclear Envelope Nuclear Pores Nucleolus Nucleus
Function

 

 

5. Complete the following diagram that illustrates that relationship between DNA, chromatin, and chromosomes:

A

 

C

B

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

a. 

b. 

c. 

 

Module 3.6 Several organelles participate in the production of proteins.

 

6. True or False; If false make it a true statement: DNA controls the functions of a cell by performing all of those functions itself.

 

7.       is the process by which an RNA copy is made from DNA.

 

8. You discover a new drug that blocks the movement of substances through the nuclear pores of the nucleus. Would you drug affect transcription, translation, or both? Briefly explain your answer.

 

9. From the information in question 8, would your drug have any effect on bacteria? Briefly explain your answer either way.

 

10. In transcription, DNA is to RNA as       it to       in translation.

 

11. Insulin is a protein hormone that is released into the bloodstream from cells in your pancreas. Which of the following organelles is responsible for its export from the cell:

a. |_| ribosomes

b. |_| endoplasmic reticulum

c. |_| golgi apparatus

d. |_| nucleus

 

12. Complete the following table regarding the involvement of organelles in protein synthesis:

  Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Apparatus Vesicles
Function

 

13. You expect cells that are responsible for the synthesis of hormones (like testosterone) to be rich in which of the following:

a. |_| ribosomes

b. |_| rough endoplasmic reticulum

c. |_| smooth endoplasmic reticulum

d. |_| golgi apparatus

 

 

14. Label the following diagram, which is an overview of protein synthesis:

I

H

G

F

E

D

C

B

A

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

a.       f.

b.       g.

c.       h.

d.       i.

e. 

 

Module 3.7 Chloroplasts and mitochondria provide energy to the cell.

 

15. True or False; If false, make a true statement: An animal cell contains chloroplasts and mitochondria.

 

16. Plants use       to power the production of sugar.

 

17. The process of photosynthesis occurs primarily in a plant’s leaves. What organelle (related to photosynthesis) would you expect to be present in the cell of a plant’s leaves?

a. |_| ribosomes

b. |_| chloroplasts

c. |_| nucleus

d. |_| mitochondria

18. Complete the following diagram of a chloroplast:

     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

19. What happens to the CO2 you release as a result of cellular respiration?

 

20. Complete the following diagram of a mitochondria:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

21. CO2 is to       as       is to cellular respiration.

 

22. Briefly explain how animals and plants work to cycle the elements carbon and oxygen through an ecosystem.

 

23. Complete the following table comparing chloroplasts and mitochondria:

  Mitochondria Chloroplasts
Similarities

Differences

 

 

Module 3.8 Various cellular organelles provide storage, movement, and shape.

 

24.       are organelles that can store water, nutrients, toxins, or fat.

 

25. True or False, If false make it a true statement: Cilia are more numerous than flagella.

 

26. Any drug that inhibits the function of flagella likely affects what cellular function?

 

27. Complete the following table regarding organelles:

  Vacuole Cilia Flagellum Cell Wall Cytoskeleton
Function

 

28. Certain human cells are highly motile, which means they can move throughout the tissues of your body. Other than a flagellum or cilia, what other organelle is directly involved in a cell moving through your tissues?

 

29. Which of the following is responsible for providing a connection that holds cells together:

a. |_| cell wall

b. |_| vacuole

c. |_| flagellum

d. |_| extracellular matrix

 

30. Label the diagram below, which illustrates the nucleus and cytoskeleton of a human cell

The Cell, The Fundamental Unit of Life

 
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Sustainable Home Creation

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Sustainable Home Creation. Sustainable Home Creation

Name:

This worksheet is to show how you will create a more sustainable home. The key is to defend your choices with facts and citing your sources, you do not need to choose a single family home. Cite sources!

  Current Future Improvements
Described your indoor living space (i.e., square feet)  

 

  
Describe the location of your home and why it would be the best for you. Make sure to address: climate, geography, rural/urban/or suburban.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  
3 materials in your home and how they can be more sustainable. 1)

2)

3)

 1)

 

2)

 

3)

 
Energy use What are 3 things that use the most energy in your home?

1)

2)

3)

 How can you decrease your energy consumption?

1)

 

 

2)

 

 

 

3)

 
Water use What are 3 things that use the most water in your home?

1)

2)

3)

 How can you decrease your water consumption?

1)

 

 

2)

 

 

 

3)

 

 

 

References use (you should have at least 3)

 

 

 

Resources to help get you started:

1) Read the weekly reading in the textbook

2) Id climate based on state then closest city:

https://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/united-states/us

3) Learn more about sustainable materials:

https://home.howstuffworks.com/home-improvement/construction/green/10-cutting-edge-building-materials.htm

© 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Sustainable Home Creation

 
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The Lower Limit Of The Intertidal Zone Is The

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The Lower Limit Of The Intertidal Zone Is The. Question

1 of 25

The lower limit of the intertidal zone is the

average high tide.

average middle tide.

lowest tide.

lowest edge of the rocky substrate.

None of the above choices are correct: it varies according to type of substrate.

Question

2 of 25

The particular characteristic most widely used in classifying intertidal communities is which of the following?

Type of tides

Relative exposure to air

Type of substrate

Type of seaweeds

Relative immersion by water

Question

3 of 25

Which of the following strategies is not used to avoid desiccation in the intertidal?

Closing shells

Crowding in areas that are always moist

Burrowing into substrate

Mucus

Moving out of tide pools

Question

4 of 25

Most sessile animals living on rocky shores are which of the following?

Deposit feeders

Carnivores

Detritus feeders

Filter feeders

Grazers

Question

5 of 25

If a rocky shore highly exposed to wave action is compared to a similar rocky shore that is a lot less exposed to wave action, one should expect that barnacles living on the more exposed shore show a

wider vertical distribution.

narrower tolerance to salinity.

narrower tolerance to temperature.

narrower vertical distribution.

higher resistance to predators.

Question

6 of 25

Byssal threads are used by mussels to cope with.

desiccation.

wave shock.

restricted feeding.

salinity changes.

temperature changes.

Question

7 of 25

Vertical zonation on rocky shores is mostly the result of differences in tolerance to

 

wave action.

exposure.

predation.

light.

salinity.

Question

8 of 25

This organism is typical of the upper intertidal on rocky shores.

Mussels

Barnacles

Sponges

Sea anemones

Periwinkles

Question

9 of 25

The middle intertidal is characterized by which of the following?

Constant wetting by splash and spray

Long exposure to air

Steady immersion

Exposure and immersion on a regular basis

Splashing during high tide and complete exposure at low tide

Question

10 of 25

Intertidal organisms from exposed areas sometimes have thicker shells than their counterparts from less exposed areas. This is thought to be an adaptation to

desiccation.

restricted feeding.

wave shock.

salinity changes.

temperature changes.

Question

11 of 25

Predation by sea stars on rocky shores ultimately results in

fewer species.

less wave action.

a decrease in the number of seaweeds.

an increase in the number of mussels.

more species.

Question

12 of 25

Ecological succession ultimately results in

a climax community.

an upper-limit stage.

competitive exclusion.

keystone predation.

vertical zonation.

Question

13 of 25

Which of the following is generally considered to be the greatest limiting resource in the rocky intertidal?

Salinity

Space

Prey

Availability of mates

Light availability

Question

14 of 25

Which of these organisms is typically a very rare component of soft-bottom intertidal communities?

Burrowing organisms

Detritus feeders

Seaweeds

Infauna

Deposit feeders

Question

15 of 25

Most animals living on sandy beaches are included among which of the following?

Infauna

Deposit feeders

Macrofauna

Producers

Grazers

Question

16 of 25

Fine sediments are characteristic of

shores exposed to wave action.

rocky shores.

areas with wide temperature fluctuations.

calm, less exposed shores.

areas that experience considerable water flow.

Question

17 of 25

The interstitial water in muddy bottoms

has plenty of oxygen since temperature is much higher than in the water column.

accumulates oxygen as a result of photosynthesis by inhabitants of the sediment.

recirculates oxygen very frequently so it is high.

is deficient in oxygen.

is deficient in oxygen but only during the day.

Question

18 of 25

The main source of food in muddy-bottom intertidal communities is

seaweeds

detritus

plankton

large prey

epifauna

Question

19 of 25

On Atlantic shores, the dog whelk (Nucella lapillus) has two color forms: white-shelled and brown-shelled. Survival of one form over the other form in a region appears to be related to

temperature.

salinity.

substrate type.

prey availability.

predators.

Question

20 of 25

What organism would be most likely to be found in the upper intertidal zone of a rocky shoreline?

Mussels

Seaweed

Encrusting algae

Barnacles

Irish moss

Question

21 of 25

In soft-bottomed intertidal communities, locations with strong waves and currents are most likely to have which type of bottom?

Gravel

Sand

Silt

Clay

Mud

Question

22 of 25

Meiofauna live

on rocky shores.

on sandy bottoms.

between grains of sediment.

in burrows.

in the water column.

Question

23 of 25

A species that significantly influences the structure and diversity of its community is a ______________.

predator species

keystone species

prey animal

primary producer

apex predator

Question

24 of 25

The best reason for putting a cage over certain organisms in an intertidal study area is so that __________________.

other organisms can be kept out of the study area

biologists can control when certain animals mate

their respiration rates can be measured

they can be removed from the area

body measurements can be taken

Question

25 of 25

Two sediments that are very rich in detritus are ______________.

sand and gravel

sand and clay

silt and gravel

clay and sand

silt and clay

 

The Lower Limit Of The Intertidal Zone Is The

 
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