Lab 2 Effect Of High Levels Of Glucose On Cells. Lab 2 Effect of High Levels of Glucose on Cells

Materials

2, 1 cm thick slices of zucchini or other high water content vegetable

Normal Saline

Petri dish

Paper towels

Honey

Electronic scales

Weighing boats

 

Procedure

1. Collect the materials.

2. Place a zucchini slice on each half of the petri dish.

3. Place the weighing boat on the scale. Tare the weight.

4. Blot each zucchini slice with a paper towel.

5. Weigh each slice in a weighing boat and record the weight on the data sheet.

6. Place about ¼ tsp of honey on one of the zucchini slices.

7. Place enough normal saline to cover the second zucchini slice.

8. Observe what happens at five minute intervals for 20 minutes

9. Blot the zucchini slices to remove honey/saline.

10. Place in the weighing scale (Don’t forget to tare the weight of the weighing boat.)

11. Record the weight on the data sheet.

 

Condition	Zucchini with Honey	Zucchini in Normal (Isotonic) Saline
Initial Weight	7.24	7.26
Final Weight	7.78	7.04
Difference	0.54	0.22
% change*	7.45%	-3.03%

 

 

% change in weight = (current weight – initial weight) X 100

initial weight

 

Example: Egg Initial weight of 50g and final weight of 40g

% change in weight = (40 -50)/50 or -10/50 or -.20

-.20 X 100 to convert the decimal amount to % = -20% (minus 20% change)

 

 

View the Post-Lab Powerpoint

Graph your data (directions in the post lab Powerpoint).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Analyze your data and interpret your findings. You should refer to your book and the prelab and post lab information to help you answer these questions.

1. Describe what happened to the slice in each solution.

It ]has gotten very stiff to turgor pressure increasing .

 

 

 

 

2. How does the concept of osmosis explain your finding for both solutions?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. Why is normal saline considered to be an isotonic solution?

 

 

 

4. What is the tonicity of the honey? Explain your answer.

 

 

 

 

 

5. Explain why a symptom of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus causes diuresis.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6. Explain why normal saline is used in IV solutions instead of pure water.

Lab 2 Effect Of High Levels Of Glucose On Cells

 

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A karyotype. Question 1 (5 points)

 

 

A karyotype ______.

 

Question 1 options:

 

	compares one set of chromosomes to another.
	of a normal human cell shows 48 chromosomes.
	is a photograph of cells undergoing mitosis during anaphase.
	cannot be used to identify individual chromosomes beyond the fact that two chromosomes are homologues.
	is a visual display of chromosomes arranged according to size.

 

 

Question 2 (5 points)

 

 

At which stage of mitosis are distinct chromatids visible and moving towards the opposite poles of the cell?

 

Question 2 options:

 

	Metaphase
	Telophase
	Interphase
	Anaphase
	Prophase

 

Question 3 (5 points)

 

 

Mitosis in humans usually results in the formation of _____.

 

 

 

Question 3 options:

 

	2 diploid cells
	4 diploid cells
	2 haploid cells
	4 haploid cells
	Sperm or egg cells

 

Page 1 of 7

 

All of the following are characteristics of cancer cells EXCEPT _____.

 

Question 4 options:

 

	angiogenesis
	unregulated mitosis
	unmutated DNA
	ability to metastasize
	no apoptosis

 

Question 5 (5 points)

 

 

What stage does cytokinesis generally overlap with in the typical cell cycle?

 

Question 5 options:

 

	S phase
	prophase
	telophase
	anaphase
	metaphase

 

 

Question 6 (5 points)

 

 

An important result of meiosis is that _____.

 

Question 6 options:

 

	each gamete receives one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes and gametes are formed that are haploid.
	each gamete receives one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
	gametes are formed that are diploid.
	gametes receive one copy of each member of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
	gametes are formed that are haploid.

 

Question 5 (5 points)

 

 

What stage does cytokinesis generally overlap with in the typical cell cycle?

 

Question 5 options:

 

	S phase
	prophase
	telophase
	anaphase
	metaphase

 

 

Question 6 (5 points)

 

 

An important result of meiosis is that _____.

 

Question 6 options:

 

	each gamete receives one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes and gametes are formed that are haploid.
	each gamete receives one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
	gametes are formed that are diploid.
	gametes receive one copy of each member of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
	gametes are formed that are haploid.

 

Question 10 (5 points)

 

 

For anaphase to begin, which of the following must occur?

 

Question 10 options:

 

	Chromatids must lose their kinetochores.
	Cohesin must attach the sister chromatids to each other.
	Cohesin must be cleaved enzymatically.
	Kinetochores must attach to the metaphase plate.
	Spindle microtubules must begin to depolymerize.

 

Question 11 (5 points)

 

 

Spindle microtubules attach to kinetochores during this phase of mitosis.

 

Question 11 options:

 

	metaphase
	prometaphase
	anaphase
	prohase
	telophase

 

Question 12 (5 points)

 

 

Four of the five answers listed below are related by a common phase of mitosis. Select the exception.

 

Question 12 options:

 

	chromosomes separate
	chromosomes decondense
	spindle microtubules disappear
	nuclear envelope re-forms
	nucleolus reappears

 

Question 13 (5 points)

 

 

A woman is found to have 47 chromosomes, including three X chromosomes. Which of the following describes her expected phenotype?

 

Question 13 options:

 

	A) masculine characteristics such as facial hair
	B) enlarged genital structures
	C) excessive emotional instability
	D) normal female
	E) sterile female

 

Question 14 (5 points)

 

 

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

 

Question 14 options:

 

	A) pink flowers in snapdragons
	B) the ABO blood group in humans
	C) Huntington’s disease in humans
	D) white and purple flower color in peas
	E) skin pigmentation in humans

 

Question 15 (5 points)

 

 

Why did the F₁ offspring of Mendel’s classic pea cross always look like one of the two parental varieties?

 

Question 15 options:

 

	A) No genes interacted to produce the parental phenotype.
	B) Each allele affected phenotypic expression.
	C) The traits blended together during fertilization.
	D) One phenotype was completely dominant over another.
	E) Different genes interacted to produce the parental phenotype.

 

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Note: It is recommended that you save your response as you complete each question.

 

 

Question 16 (5 points)

 

 

Use the following information to answer the questions below.

 

Tallness (T) in snapdragons is dominant to dwarfness (t), while red (R) flower color is dominant to white (r). The heterozygous condition results in pink (Rr) flower color.

 

A dwarf, red snapdragon is crossed with a plant homozygous for tallness and white flowers. What are the genotype and phenotype of the F₁ individuals?

 

Question 16 options:

 

	A) ttRr—dwarf and pink
	B) ttrr—dwarf and white
	C) TtRr—tall and red
	D) TtRr—tall and pink
	E) TTRR—tall and red

 

Question 17 (5 points)

 

 

National Basketball Association (NBA) scientists have identified the gene for superior athletic ability.  The allele “A” represents the dominant form of the gene, while the allele “a” represents the recessive form of the gene.  The scientists find that the superior athletic ability gene is optimally expressed in individuals who possess the homozygous dominant form.

 

If Michael Jordan, who has the Aa genotype, has a child with a woman who has the aa genotype, what are the chances that his child will inherit the optimal superior athletic ability genotype?

 

Question 17 options:

 

	0%
	25%
	50%
	75%
	100%

 

Question 18 (5 points)

 

 

There is evidence that a certain color in cats is sex-linked. Yellow is recessive to black.
A heterozygous condition results in tortoise shell or calico color. A calico cat has a litter
of 8 kittens: 1 yellow male, 2 black males, 2 yellow females, and 3 calico females. What
was the male parents probable color?

 

Question 18 options:

 

	yellow
	black
	calico
	yellow and black
	albino

 

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Note: It is recommended that you save your response as you complete each question.

 

 

Question 19 (5 points)

 

 

Imagine you are performing a cross involving seed color in garden plants.  What F1 offspring would you expect if you cross true-breeding parents with green seeds with true-breeding parents with yellow seeds?

 

Question 19 options:

 

	25% white seeds, 25% yellow seeds, and 50% green seeds
	25% green seeds, and 75% yellow seeds
	50% yellow seeds, and 50% green seeds
	100% yellow seeds
	100% yellow-green seeds

 

Question 20 (5 points)

 

 

All of the genes located on a given chromosome constitute a

 

Question 20 options:

 

	linkage group.
	karyotype.
	none of these
	wild-type allele.
	bridging cross.

 

Page 7 of 7

A karyotype

 

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