Light Light Bulb

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Light Light Bulb. Name: __________________________ Section: ____ Date: ________________

LAB ACTIVITY: Chapter 20 – Sustainable Energy

Choosing a Light Bulb: The following table provides information on two types of light bulbs available at a local store.

Type of bulb

Estimated lifetime (hours)

Cost per bulb ($)

75 W incandescent

750

0.50

18 W compact fluorescent

7,500

5.00

Assume that

(i) each bulb lasts exactly its estimated lifetime.

(ii) each bulb provides the same amount of usable light.

(iii) the cost of electricity is $0.10 per kilowatt-hour.

(a) Calculate the total lifetime cost for using each type of bulb.

(b) Calculate the total cost of using the incandescent bulb and of using the compact fluorescent bulb for 7500 hours (the lifetime of the compact fluorescent bulb).

(c) Most electricity in the United States is generated by fossil fuel–burning power plants that produce atmospheric pollution. Given that knowledge, explain which type of light bulb has the smaller ecological footprint.

12

1

Light Light Bulb

 
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HSA 530 QUIZ 4

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HSA 530 QUIZ 4. 1. The expertise of a consultant may improve the credibility of an organization concerning a decision that has been made but experienced consultants view such a use as highly unethical.

2. Non-competitive proposals should be identified and notified that their proposals have been rejected.

3. Which of the following is not true about consultants?

4. HR should always be involved when resolving wage complaints.

5. Which of the following is not true about informal channels of communication?

6. Informal channels are slower than most legitimate means of communication.

7. Individuals who are approaching termination for cause should be allowed to resign in lieu of discharge.

8. Which of the following is true about HR responses to claims for unemployment compensation?

9. Which of the following is true regarding unemployment compensation?

10. When laying off employees, seniority is the fairest and safest means of determining who leaves and who remains.

11. Which of the following is true regarding the decision made by the CEO?

12. A chief executive officer is responsible for policy implementation and day-to-day operations including all personnel matters.

13. Which of the following is true about ethical decision making by a CEO?

14. Which of the following statements is false concerning the board member and her hidden agenda?

15. Which of the following statements is not true about job organization?

16. The goal of scientific management was efficiency.

17. Which of the following is not a true statement?

18. Which of the following statements is not a primary reason why workers join labor unions?

19. The National Labor Relations Act of 1937, commonly known as the Wagner Act, is the basis of most of the labor laws in the United States.

20. When discussing union formation, managers can compare existing wages and benefits with those in unionized facilities.

21. Which of the following is a reason why employees seek to form unions?

22. Which of the following is a true statement about Human Resources arbitration?

23. Arbitration is used to resolve problems rather than simply stating or restating opinions.

24. Which of the following is not a true statement about HR arbitration?

HSA 530 QUIZ 4

 
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2420-Lab 7- Microbial Growth

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2420-Lab 7- Microbial Growth.

2420-Lab 7- Microbial Growth: Temperature, Oxygen and Osmotic Balance

Directions:

Answer following questions after reading the information and watching the video from the link below. Use color RED or BLUE for your answers. Submit the completed document on eCampus for grading. Refer to

· the textbook chapter 4 (sections 4.1, 4.3 and 4.4) (Nester- McGraw Hill)

· Lab Manual by Dr. Su, pages (optional)

· Link: Environmental Influences of Bacterial Growth, Virtual Edge Experiment- 5A-B

· pH Requirement of bacteria

Bacterial Growth:

Read the information from textbook from chapter 4 review sections 4.1, 4.3 and 4.4 to answer the following questions.

Watch the following video:

· For background: Bacterial Growth

1. Label the phases of growth on the following curve:

2. What happens to bacteria in the phases labeled as A, B, C and D in the above figure?

A:

B:

C:

D:

3. If we add more nutrients and space at the end of the exponential phase for a growing bacterial culture, what will happen?

Oxygen Requirement of bacteria

Read the information from textbook from chapter 4 review sections 4.3-4.4 to answer the following questions.

Watch the following videos:

· For background: Oxygen Requirement of bacteria

· For experiment: Oxygen requirement of bacteria using soft agar

Results of the bacterial oxygen requirement of bacteria:

4. Why can only some organisms tolerate oxygen?

 

5. Describe the kind of bacteria shown in the figure above in terms of oxygen (concentration) requirement and special enzymes.

 

6. Which oxygen related enzymes are present or absent in the bacteria from tubes A-E?

 

Temperature Requirements of Bacteria:

Read the information from textbook from chapter 4 review sections 4.3-4.4 to answer the following questions.

Watch the following videos:

· For background: Temperature Requirement of bacteria

· For experiment: Temperature Influence on bacterial growth

Temperature tolerance of bacteria

Write the correct term for bacteria growing under the following conditions

7. Most medically important bacteria

8. Bacteria growing on or inside your body

9. Bacteria growing in your refrigerator

10. Bacteria growing in the arctic ocean in winter

11. Bacteria growing in hot springs in Arkansas

12. Bacteria growing in geysers

13. Why are bacteria not able to grow at temperature higher than the maximum tolerance limit?

14. Do bacteria grow at the temperatures lower than the minimum tolerance limit? Why or why not? Explain

Osmotic Balance Requirements of Bacteria:

Read the information from textbook from chapter 4 review sections 4.3-4.4 to answer the following questions.

Read the following:

· For experiment: Osmotic Influences

Osmotic tolerance of bacteria

Halophiles : On human body, Staphylococcus aureus is known to tolerate sweat. These bacteria may cause skin infections if athletic gear is shared among athletes without proper sanitization. In nature we will find bacteria, algae and fungi in water bodies or soil with higher salt concentrations. These organisms come under a group called “halophiles”.

Habitat : Halophiles are usually found in salt lakes, salt marshes, subterranean salt deposits, dry soil, salted meat and hypersaline seas.

3 groups based on the salt concentration tolerance :

· Halophiles-2-5% salt required for growth

· Moderate halophiles-5-20% salt required for growth

· Extreme halophiles-20-30% salt required for growth

Write the correct term for bacteria growing under the following conditions

15. Based in your knowledge about tonicity, for cells to survive they have to be surrounded by ______tonic environment.

 

16. Why would cells not survive in hypotonic or hypertonic environment?

2420-Lab 7- Microbial Growth: Temperature, Oxygen and Osmotic Balance

Directions:

Answer following questions after reading the information and watching the video from the link below. Use color RED or BLUE for your answers. Submit the completed document on eCampus for grading. Refer to

· the textbook chapter 4 (sections 4.1, 4.3 and 4.4) (Nester- McGraw Hill)

· Lab Manual by Dr. Su, pages (optional)

· Link: Environmental Influences of Bacterial Growth, Virtual Edge Experiment- 5A-B

· pH Requirement of bacteria

Bacterial Growth:

Read the information from textbook from chapter 4 review sections 4.1, 4.3 and 4.4 to answer the following questions.

Watch the following video:

· For background: Bacterial Growth

1. Label the phases of growth on the following curve:

2. What happens to bacteria in the phases labeled as A, B, C and D in the above figure?

A:

B:

C:

D:

3. If we add more nutrients and space at the end of the exponential phase for a growing bacterial culture, what will happen?

Oxygen Requirement of bacteria

Read the information from textbook from chapter 4 review sections 4.3-4.4 to answer the following questions.

Watch the following videos:

· For background: Oxygen Requirement of bacteria

· For experiment: Oxygen requirement of bacteria using soft agar

Results of the bacterial oxygen requirement of bacteria:

4. Why can only some organisms tolerate oxygen?

 

5. Describe the kind of bacteria shown in the figure above in terms of oxygen (concentration) requirement and special enzymes.

 

6. Which oxygen related enzymes are present or absent in the bacteria from tubes A-E?

 

Temperature Requirements of Bacteria:

Read the information from textbook from chapter 4 review sections 4.3-4.4 to answer the following questions.

Watch the following videos:

· For background: Temperature Requirement of bacteria

· For experiment: Temperature Influence on bacterial growth

Temperature tolerance of bacteria

Write the correct term for bacteria growing under the following conditions

7. Most medically important bacteria

8. Bacteria growing on or inside your body

9. Bacteria growing in your refrigerator

10. Bacteria growing in the arctic ocean in winter

11. Bacteria growing in hot springs in Arkansas

12. Bacteria growing in geysers

13. Why are bacteria not able to grow at temperature higher than the maximum tolerance limit?

14. Do bacteria grow at the temperatures lower than the minimum tolerance limit? Why or why not? Explain

Osmotic Balance Requirements of Bacteria:

Read the information from textbook from chapter 4 review sections 4.3-4.4 to answer the following questions.

Read the following:

· For experiment: Osmotic Influences

Osmotic tolerance of bacteria

Halophiles : On human body, Staphylococcus aureus is known to tolerate sweat. These bacteria may cause skin infections if athletic gear is shared among athletes without proper sanitization. In nature we will find bacteria, algae and fungi in water bodies or soil with higher salt concentrations. These organisms come under a group called “halophiles”.

Habitat : Halophiles are usually found in salt lakes, salt marshes, subterranean salt deposits, dry soil, salted meat and hypersaline seas.

3 groups based on the salt concentration tolerance :

· Halophiles-2-5% salt required for growth

· Moderate halophiles-5-20% salt required for growth

· Extreme halophiles-20-30% salt required for growth

Write the correct term for bacteria growing under the following conditions

15. Based in your knowledge about tonicity, for cells to survive they have to be surrounded by ______tonic environment.

 

16. Why would cells not survive in hypotonic or hypertonic environment?

2420-Lab 7- Microbial Growth

 
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Infectious Disease Society of America

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Infectious Disease Society of America. Please respond to both students on seperate pages with a minimum of 100 words each

please follo directions or I will dispute!!!

Page1- original Forum and references

page2- student Response

page 3- studen Response

Original Forum

Antibiotics are commonly used to treat infections. We seldom think about what occurs when we take this medication other than the fact that we will or should get better after a few days. Most are aware that antibiotics have been used for some time and their effectiveness is beginning to wane. In fact, today we have strains of microbes that have developed resistance to antibiotics such that we have named them Superbugs. One such Superbug, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become resistant to most antibiotics available and is a problem in many hospital settings.

Review chapters 14 and 15 of your textbook for a review of Antimicrobial Drugs and Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity.

And then visit the Infectious Disease Society of America

For this forum, please choose to take ONE role in the following scenario.

A patient has arrived in the ER critically ill. She had a minor surgery the week previously and was discharged home with antibiotics. Upon arrival to the ER, the patient presented gravely ill, the surgical wound red, swollen, puss filled and her temperature elevated. A post surgical infection is suspected.

Choose only ONE (Topic) role in this scenario:

Topic 1. You are the patient

Topic 2. You are the spouse of the patient (the person who may be or may become responsible for making decisions)

Topic 3. You are the nurse caring for the patient.

Topic 4. You are the primary physician caring for the patient.

Topic 5. You are the infectious disease specialist on call for the hospital where the patient has arrived.

Compose an exposition to address the following questions;

1. Is this infection likely MRSA?

2. What would a MRSA infection look like on a patient; for example, describe how the wound presents.

3. Was the patient exposed to MRSA in the hospital prep, during the surgery the week previously or sometime afterwards (post-discharge)?

4. Where does liability for this (potential) infection rest? Is it the responsibility of the patient (making sure she followed her discharge instructions, etc), nurse(s), scrub technicians, physicians, surgeons and/or infectious disease specialists to ensure resistant diseases are kept in check in hospitals?

Student Responses

Eric

As the nurse treating the patient, Here are my answers.

1. Is this infection likely MRSA?

This infection has a probability of being MRSA due to the signs and symptoms which are present. The patient may have been prescribed a broad-spectrum medicine that did not target the intended pathogens to prevent the infection or there could be other possibilities. The patient could have also developed a super infection in which the protective microbiota of the body were killed allowing added exposure to bacteria. Lastly, it is possible that the patient was over prescribed medication in which the body became resistant to and had less effect which the bacteria was able to overcome <w:sdt>(Parker, 2016).

2. What would a MRSA infection look like on a patient; for example, describe how the wound presents.

A MRSA infection appears to look like a large bump on the skin which is red, swollen, and warm to the touch. It is sometimes painful, full of pus, and most of the time accompanied by a fever. The common areas in which the infection is usually located include the legs, buttocks, groin, and back of the neck <w:sdt>(CDC).

3. Was the patient exposed to MRSA in the hospital prep, during the surgery the week previously or sometime afterwards (post-discharge)?

All of these options are a possibility as MRSA can be contracted either in the community or in the hospital setting due to improper sterilization of medical equipment or areas in the hospital <w:sdt>(Parker, 2016). Another possibility is that the patient was even given the wrong medication to treat the wound. The patient could have also become resistant due to previous medications which were over prescribed, or perhaps even not following proper instructions for taking enough medication or the correct doses.

4. Where does liability for this (potential) infection rest? Is it the responsibility of the patient (making sure she followed her discharge instructions, etc), nurse(s), scrub technicians, physicians, surgeons and/or infectious disease specialists to ensure resistant diseases are kept in check in hospitals?

The liability of this infection rests ultimately on the hospital and staff members because of the protocols for cleaning and sterilizing equipment properly <w:sdt>(Parker, 2016). There may be other factors such as manufacturers fault in which the equipment allowed for pathogen to enter a persons body and the patient themselves to not follow proper instruction. However, the hospital is the liable one. MRSA used to be known to be contracted through just the hospital setting as a common thing.
-Eric

<w:sdt>

References<w:sdtpr>

<w:sdt>

CDC. (n.d.). MRSA Skin Infection Signs and Symptoms.Retrieved October 2018, from cdc.gov: https://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/pdf/MRSA_Broch_Parent.pdf<w:sdtpr>

Parker, N. (2016). Microbiology. OpenStax. Retrieved 2018

Jennifer

Hello everyone,

I will play the Physician for this topic.

How you determine if an infection is MRSA related is by first examining the wound. A MRSA infection displays at the wound site; warm to the touch, red, swollen, painful, full of pus and can also cause you to have a fever. The possible infection site looks awful to say the least and is discolored most times. It almost looks like a nasty “super” pimple.

The patient presents a surgical wound that is red, swollen, filled with pus, and even has a temperature increase or a fever. These point to MRSA, but the description of being gravely ill is suspicious. One of the few ways to definitely diagnose MRSA is to swab the nose or skin.

It does say that the patient was discharged with antibiotics to potentially kill of any impending infections. Although, MRSA can become resistant to antibiotics due to the many different advances in the strain.

It is very possible that the patient could have been exposed during surgery. Everyone involved with surgery scrubs diligently to prevent the spread of harmful microbes. The patient is also advised to keep the wound clean, covered and to not share any personal items. This is to help prevent infections.

The liability for this infection can rest on either the hospital or the patient. The hospital can run tests to confirm if their facility has MRSA or if their staff is carrying it. If those test come back negative then that is on the patient’s lack of self-care and following post-operation instruction.

Personally for me I had surgery at an out-patient facility and I had no issues. My incision site was wrapped up for about 2-3 weeks. I was instructed to keep the dressing dry at all times. Someone I work with had surgery at a hospital and developed staph infection. I am not sure who was at fault for that.

General Information About MRSA in the Community. (2016, March 25). Retrieved October 23, 2018, from https://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/community/index.html

-Jenny

Infectious Disease Society of America

 
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