Biology homewoke

Biology homewoke.

Name: _________________________________________________________

Answer the following questions for Report Assignment #2

Assigment Due in lab the week of Presentations

APA Citation Activity

Instructions

If you are unfamiliar with APA citation styles, you may find it helpful to review the material inside the “Citing sources using APA citation style” folder before beginning this assessment.

Question 1

Choose the citation that is in proper APA citation format for a book.

a. Jenkins, Henry. Fans, bloggers, and gamers: exploring participatory cultures. New York: New York University Press, 2006.

b. Jenkins, H. Fans, bloggers, and gamers: exploring participatory cultures. New York University Press, New York. 2006.

c. Jenkins, H. (2006). Fans, bloggers, and gamers: exploring participatory culture. New York: New York University Press.

d. Jenkins, Henry. (2006). Fans, Bloggers, and Gamers: Exploring Participatory Culture. New York UP: New York.

Question 2

Choose the citation that is in proper APA citation for a chapter from a book (no named author of chapter).

a. Cook, V.J.(2004). “Flava’N Gorillaz: Pop Group Names.” In Accomodating Brocolli in the Cemetary, (pp. 21-22). Simon and Schuster: New York.

b. Flava ‘n Gorillaz: Pop group names. (2004). In V.J. Cook, Accomodating Brocolli in the Cemetary (pp. 21-22). New York: Simon and Schuster.

c. Flava ‘n Gorillaz: Pop group names. In Cook, V.J. Accomodating Brocolli in the Cemetary (pp. 21-22). New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004.

d. V.J. Cook. 2004. “Flava’n Gorillaz: Pop group names.” In Accomodating Brocolli in the Cemetary, pp. 21-22. Simon and Schuster: New York.

Question 3 Choose the correct APA citation for a newspaper article.

a. Yonke, D. (2008, September 13). Monks on the road for peace: Tibetan Buddhists bring message that ‘happiness is an internal event’. The Blade (Toledo, OH), p. B7.

b. Yonke, David. (2008). “Monks on the road for peace: Tibetan Buddhists bring message that ‘happiness is an internal event’.” The Blade (Toledo, OH), pp. B7.

c. Yonke, David. Monks on the road for peace: Tibetan Buddhists bring message that ‘happiness is an internal event’. The Blade, September 13, 2008. p. B7.

d. Yonke, David. “Monks on the road for peace: Tibetan Buddhists bring message that ‘happiness is an internal event’.” The Blade 13 Sept. 2008: B7.

Question 4

Choose the correct APA citation for an article from a library research database.

a. Weickgenannt, Nicole. (2008). The Nation’s Monstrous Women: Wives, Widows and Witches in Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children. In Journal of Commonwealth Literature. 43.2, pp. 65-83. Retrieved October 31, 2008, from Humanities International Complete http:// 0-search.ebscohost.com.maurice.bgsu.edu/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=32541323&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site

b. Weickgenannt, Nicole. “The nation’s monstrous women: Wives, widows and witches in Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children.” Journal of Commonwealth Literature 43.2 (June 2008): 65-83. Humanities International Complete. EBSCO. Bowling Green State University Libraries, Bowling Green, Oh.. 31 Oct. 2008 <http:// 0-search.ebscohost.com.maurice.bgsu.edu/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=32541323&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site>.

c. Weickgenannt, N. The Nation’s Monstrous Women: Wives, Widows and Witches in Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children. Journal of Commonwealth Literature. 43.2: pp.65-83. Retrieved October 31, 2008, from Humanities International Complete. (2008, June).

d. Weickgenannt, N. (2008, June). The nation’s monstrous women: Wives, widows and witches in Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children. Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 43(2), 65-83. Retrieved October 31, 2008, from Humanities International Complete.

Question 5

Create an APA citation for this publication:

Article Title: Truly, Madly, Depp-ly

Author: Frank DeCaro

Publication: Advocate

Volume number: 906

Date: January 20, 2004

Pages: 76-77

Source: Gender Studies Database

Date of access: October 31, 2008

hyperlink: <http://0-search.ebscohost.com.maurice.bgsu.edu/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=fmh&AN=GSD0048

How to write an Introduction

An introduction contains: 1. Background information on the topic investigated. 2. The proposed hypothesis. and 3. A short description of the methods testing the hypothesis. 4. Citations are included in the introduction and must be in APA format (within the body of the text include the author(s) last name and year of the citation…do not use page numbers or quotations from sources). Please do not use formats common to other disciplines. Do not use quotations within the body of the report text (Quotations are not used in scientific reports. You should state the information in your own words and include the citation that contained the information at the end of the sentence). You are not required to write a report introduction. Instead answer the following questions to illustrate the components of an introduction.

For the each section answer the following questions assume the hypothesis for the Stomata experiment is: The distribution of stomata is related to the location of the leaf on the plant (inside versus outside).

6. What information would a reader need to know about Stomata to understand the independent variable and how it is related to the hypothesis? (list at least 3 facts that would be required to understand why the independent variable for the experiment is stomata distribution).

7. Give one supporting fact to justify that the distribution of stomata is affected by the location of leaves on plants (to receive credit you must provide a scientific citation from a peer review source to support the fact).

Developed by Amy Fyn, Bowling Green State University Libraries, 2008, for LIB225: Information Seeking and Management in Contemporary Society

Biology homewoke

 
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LAB 2 : HUMAN GENETICS

LAB 2 : HUMAN GENETICS. 1

 

 

 

BIOLOGY102: BIOLOGY, HEALTH AND ENVIIRONMENT LABORATORY

LAB 2 : HUMAN GENETICS

 

Laboratory Exercises:

1) Read background and introductory information on human genetics (inheritance of specific traits, mutations, pedigrees etc).

2) Produce the phenotype and genotype of a unique offspring

3) Record offspring’s genotype

 

Objectives:

Upon completion of today laboratory exercises, a student should be able to:

  • demonstrate an adequate understanding of the variations in human traits
  • describe different human traits and their inheritance from parents to offspring
  • analyze and create human pedigrees
  • characterize different human traits and how they are inherited
  • investigate and produce human pedigrees
  • identify human genetic diseases and how they are inherited
  • comprehend the aim of the Human Genome Project (HPG) and the advantages of genetic data bases

 

 

Background and Introduction:

Inheritance of individual traits in humans has remained a subject of fascination. Humans and other species carry the genes our parents and our grandparents, and during reproduction, these traits are transmitted to our own offspring. At family reunions, it is often fascinating to postulate where Suzi got her red hair and Danny her brown eyes.

A mishap, or mutation in the DNA sequence of a gene can lead to a phenotypical variation in the individual. In some instances, these variations are beneficial, but often these mutations are deleterious, resulting in an organism that is incapable of surviving in its environment, or with genetic disorder. Pedigrees or family histories can be used to trace the presence of a specific defective gene, and the consequent of transmission genetic disorder from parent to offspring.

The entire human genome (all human genes) has been sequenced by scientists and is stored in a data bank for future scientific reference. The sequenced human genome will enable scientists to determine with a high degree of accuracy, defects in an individual’s genetic composition. Detection of such genetic disorders may result in discovery of treatment for many diseases. Although the sequencing of the human genome has many beneficial scientific applications, it is still shrouded with many ethic issues. Accessibility to the stored information in the human genome data bank, control over how and when such information can be used, and use of such information in characterizing individuals as “normal ” and “abnormal”, remain serious issues of concern and public debate.

 

 

 

 

Inheritance of Human Genetic Characteristics

 

Genetic Variation

 

Differences in physical appearance of related individuals are due to variations in genotypes and consequently phenotypes. These variations are also evident in siblings from same parents and twins. However, identical twins will not exhibit such variations. Genotypes (genetic makeup of an individual) are responsible for specific inherited traits. These inherited traits are physically expressed as phenotypes. A pair of gene alleles is responsible for any phenotype expressed, and they transmitted from parents to offspring (Mendelian Law of segregation). In some instances, inherited traits are carried on different chromosomes (rod shaped bodies containing hereditary units or genes). In such cases, the inheritance of one trait is not dependent on the inheritance of another (Mendelian Law of Independent Assortment).

 

 

EXERCISE 1: Visualizing Human Genetic Variation (“Making Your Own Baby”)

 

Materials Needed:

Coin

Characteristics Visualization Handout

 

To demonstrate the incredible variation with the human genome, each student will create the genotype and phenotype of a unique baby (offspring). The pair of alleles responsible for each trait that you will transmit to your baby through your gametes (sex cells) will be randomly selected through coin tossing. For this exercise, you will assume that both parents are heterozygous (have pair of genes with contrasting characters on the chromosome) for each trait. You will record their baby’s (offspring) genotype, and pictorially demonstrate the phenotype. You will use the Visualization Handout provided to help you draw the picture.

 

  • First, choose the gender of your baby. Female = XX, Male = XY. The father’s chromosomes (XY) determine the gender of the baby because an offspring either receives an X or Y chromosomes from the father. On the other hand, the baby will always receive an X chromosome from the mother. For this reason, only one coin toss is needed to determine the sex of the baby. If the coin toss results in a head, the baby receives a Y chromosome from the father, and if a tail, the baby receives an X chromosome.

 

  • On the data sheet (Table 14.1) record your name and the gender of your baby. Then select a name for your baby and record it.

 

  • Now that the gender has been selected, determine the other inherited traits using the illustrations below. For this part of the exercise, you will toss the coin twice (for both the mother & father) to determine which form of their genes will be received by the baby. Note: all parents are heterozygous for traits in this exercise. Coin tosses resulting in heads signify a dominant allele, while tails signify recessive alleles. In situations where the traits exhibit incomplete dominance, a heterozygous baby will demonstrate a new phenotype.

 

  • For each trait, record on your Data Table the genes received from the mother, the genes received from the father, and the resulting genotype of the baby. Additionally, describe the baby’s phenotype.

 

 

 

 

Notes on Polygenic Inheritance

 

Hair Color: Parents are Both AaBbCcDd

 

Hair color is produced by several different genes (polygenic). Suppose that there are 4 genes involved. Therefore, it will take 8 tosses of the coin, representing four for each parent to determine the genotype. The phenotype is determined by the number of dominants as outlined below.

 

8 dominants = black 3 dominants = dark blond

7 dominants = very dark brown 2 dominants = blond

6 dominants = dark brown 1 dominant = light blond

5 dominants = brown 0 dominants = almost white

4 dominants = light brown

 

Eye Color : Parents are Both BbCc

 

Assume two genes for hair color. Therefore, you will toss the coin 4 times, representing two for each parent. The first toss determines the pigment for the front of the iris (represented by B’s) and the second for the pigment behind the iris (represented by C’s). This will be completed twice.

 

BBCC = dark brown BbCC = hazel

BbCc =light brown BBCc = blue gray

Bbcc = light blue bbCC = green

BBcc = dark blue bbCc = light green

bbcc = blue green

 

 

 

 

Name: ____________________________ Lab Day and Time_______________________

 

Parent Name: ___________________________

 

Child’s Name: ___________________ Child’s sex: __________ (heads = boy, tails = girl)

 

Tails-lowercase letters Heads-Capital letters

 

#

Trait

Gene(s) from Mother

Gene(s) from Father

Baby’s Genotype

Baby’s Phenotype

1

Widow’s Peak

W=peak w=no peak

 

 

 

 

2

Eyebrows

E=bushy e=thin

 

 

 

 

3

Eyelashes

Y=long y=short

 

 

 

 

4

Lips

L=full l=thin

 

 

 

 

5

Dimples

D=dimples

d=no dimples

 

 

 

 

6

Nose Shape

N=round n=pointy

 

 

 

 

7

Freckles

F=freckles

f=no freckles

 

 

 

 

8

Face Shape

S=round s=square

 

 

 

 

9

 

Earlobe Attachment

A=attached

a=not attached

 

 

 

 

10

Hair Type

H=curly h=straight

 

 

 

 

11

Eye Size

B=big b=small

 

 

 

 

12

Mouth Length

M=long m=short

 

 

 

 

13

Nose Size

C=big c=small

 

 

 

 

14

Hair Color

See the previous page

 

 

 

 

15

Eye Color

See the previous page

LAB 2 : HUMAN GENETICS

 
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Liberty University BIOL 101 STUDY GUIDE QUIZ 6 2016

Liberty University BIOL 101 STUDY GUIDE QUIZ 6 2016. BIOL 101 STUDY GUIDE: QUIZ 6
Quiz Preparation Tasks: 11 Your Answers and Notes Elegant Responsiveness
A hormone that controls a person’s appetite might bind to ____________ proteins on
membranes in the brain.
What is the typical site of origin of leptin hormone?
In a normal person, what is the effect of elevated leptin levels in the bloodstream? 11.1 Life’s Responsiveness
If a bog plant designed to catch insects proves unable to do so, the result will be starvation
for ____________.
Why does a living thing need to be responsive?
Based on Figure 11.5 in your text, what is the role of homeostatic mechanisms? When an environmental change shifts an organism’s internal chemistry toward a new
state, the organism’s response is to try to return its chemistry toward the original state.
This tendency on the organism’s part is called ____________. 11.2 Responsiveness at the Transcriptional Level
In the lactose operon of E. coli, what causes the repressor protein to change its shape?
What is the resultant effect of the repressor protein’s shape change on lactose gene
expression?
When there is little or no lactose present in a bacterium’s environment, then the gene for
the lactose transport enzyme is not trans-____________ and trans-____________.
When there is little or no lactose present in a bacterium’s environment, then the gene for
the ____________ breakdown enzyme is not transcribed and translated.
When there is little or no lactose present in a bacterium’s environment, then the
____________ sequence in the DNA is bound by a repressor protein.
When there is little or no lactose present in a bacterium’s environment, then the
____________ operon is shut down.
When the lactose operon is functioning, the bacterium can ____________ and break down
lactose because ____________ and degradation genes are being transcribed. 11.3 Responsiveness at the Cellular Level
After a fly trips the sensory hair on the modified leaf of a Venus flytrap, what is the very
next step in the closing process?
According to Figure 11.10, list the complete sequence of chemical events in the closure of
a Venus flytrap. In the Venus flytrap, the enzyme expansin helps to close the trap by loosening the
____________ in the plant’s cell walls.
Once ____________ has weakened the cellulose in the walls of the leaf trap cells,
____________ rushes into the cells, expanding them and closing the trap. 11.5 Responsiveness at the Organ System Level
The suprachiasmatic nuclei in the brain help the human nervous system to respond to
daily alterations in ____________ and ____________. Page 1 of 4 BIOL 101 The ____________ ____________ enable the nervous system to respond to light/dark
alterations through their stimulation of the pineal ____________ in the center of your
head.
The human nervous system responds to daily alterations in light and darkness by
influencing melatonin levels in the ____________.
The human nervous system responds to daily alterations in light and darkness by
controlling how much melatonin reaches the ____________ nuclei.
The human nervous system responds to daily alterations in light and darkness by
modulating the amount of ____________ secretion of the hypothalamus.
The human nervous system responds to daily alterations in light and darkness by
influencing ____________ levels secreted by the thyroid gland.
The human nervous system responds to daily alterations in light and darkness by changing
the basal ____________ rate of your cells.
One effect of melatonin on the suprachiasmatic nuclei is that it corrects the ____________
of their day/night signaling system.
What is the general effect of decreasing melatonin levels in the body?
List 5 different reasons some individuals take a melatonin supplement. 12 Informational Continuity in Organisms
Biological information is preserved within the base sequence of what molecule? 12.1 Reproduction: Asexual and Sexual
Asexual Reproduction
Give 3 examples of asexual reproduction methods in plants. What method of asexual reproduction does the Kalanchoe plant utilize?
What method of asexual reproduction does the Iris plant utilize? Sexual Reproduction
One major advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that in sexual
reproduction, the population has increased ____________ variability.
List 4 disadvantages of sexual reproduction. An “allele” is a specific alternate form of a ____________. Page 2 of 4 BIOL 101 Two slightly different versions of genes that lie at the exact same location on two separate
homologous chromosomes are called ____________.
The phrase “two homologous sets of genes” can mean either two similar collections of
genes from two separate ____________, or two similar collections of genes arranged on
two complete sets of ____________. 12.2 Preparing Reproductive Cells for Multicellular Organisms
The Challenge of Making a Reproductive Cell
A reproductive cell must differ genetically from other normal body cells in what critical
way (because it will soon fuse with another reproductive cell to form a new individual)? How Can This Ploidy Problem Be Solved?
The specialized process that halves the number of chromosomes during sex cell formation
is named ____________. Meiosis: A Triumph of Genome Reduction and Genetic Variability
List in order 8 successive stages in the process of meiosis. The stage of meiosis in which the total number of chromosomes is reduced to half is
called the reduction division. Which stage brings this about?
For each of 23 pairs of chromosomes, the haploid egg cell will have either a maternal or
paternal chromosome, but it can be different for each pair. This explains how the process
of meiosis contributes to genetic ____________. Differentiation of Reproductive Cells: A Biological Context
In the human life cycle, diploid cells undergo a cell division process called
____________. The resulting haploid cells later fuse during ____________, which
regenerates diploid cells.
Early in your own development there exists a small subset of diploid cells called primary
germ cells. Where do they begin to develop? Where do they migrate to and lodge? What
process will they later go through to become haploid? What will they be called right
before the first cell division in that process?
Haploid secondary spermatocytes go on directly to complete meiosis, forming four
spermatid cells. These will eventually differentiate into sperm cells. The last stage of
meiosis (that generates the spermatids) is called ____________. 12.3 Reproduction in Humans
Oogenesis in Humans
A secondary oocyte that has undergone one meiotic division, a polar body, a fluid-filled
cavity, and a spherical cluster of nutritive cells are all found within a structure called a
mature ____________.
For about half of a woman’s monthly cycle, the hormone ____________ leaves the
pituitary gland and, at the ovary, signals it to bring a more advanced ____________ to
complete maturity. Page 3 of 4 BIOL 101 What hormone, suddenly secreted from the anterior pituitary gland in high levels, causes
the mature follicle to rupture from the ovary surface?
The reproductive system uses the hormones ____________ and (later on) ____________
to “think ahead.” They guide the preparation of the uterus for its role in supporting
pregnancy.
The mature egg, once ruptured from its follicle, is swept into the ____________ by
finger-like fringes called ____________.
Normally a fertilized egg ends its journey temporarily by implanting within the wall of
what structure? Spermatogenesis and Fertilization
Sperm cell production occurs within the interior lining of the ____________.
Using Figure 12.21, list in order the sequence of cell types that produce a sperm cell.
Leydig cells, testosterone, LH hormone, and FSH hormone are all involved in the control
of ____________ cell production.
List in order the structures by which a mature sperm cell travels from the epididymis to
the female’s reproductive tract.
Penetration of the egg’ zona pellucida by the sperm cell is a process driven by the activity
of a(n) ____________.
The quintessential (most basic/most important) moment of fertilization of the egg by the
sperm cell occurs when the male and female ____________ fuse together into one
nucleus. 12.4 Reproduction Constrained, Part 1: Control of Birth
Which methods of birth control work by blocking sperm on its journey from the testicle to
the Fallopian tube?
Which methods of birth control work by altering the hormonal chemistry of the female
partner?
Which of the following methods by which human conception can be postponed is least
invasive of the complexity of human physiology? the rhythm method, the vaginal ring,
oral contraceptives, tubal ligation, vasectomy
Name a birth control method that is primarily contraceptive and secondarily abortive in its
effects. 12.5 Reproduction Constrained, Part 2: Destruction of Life
Philosophers and Theologians Attempt to Define Personhood
How did the philosopher Plato set about to determine when human life begins? What
terms did he use? When did he consider human life to begin?
Aristotle, the “Father of Biology,” believed that a human being became a person once he
or she exhibited what characteristic? Biologists Work to Define the Human Individual
One excellent biological approach to determining when a mother and her conceptus
become separate individuals is the detection of the first measurable ____________
____________ ____________ via electroencephalography.
At about what time or stage of development does male genetic information from the
sperm begins to be translated into protein products? (This is used by some to determine
when a mother and her conceptus become separate individuals.) Destruction of Human Life Takes Various Forms
What chemical combination is commonly used to terminate a pregnancy, killing the little
one?
Briefly describe a common surgical procedure for aborting a little one. Page 4

Liberty University BIOL 101 STUDY GUIDE QUIZ 6 2016

 
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BIO/204 Week 5 Phototropism Virtual Laboratory

BIO/204 Week 5 Phototropism Virtual Laboratory. Write a 750- to 1,050-word Lab Report (see Appendix C) that describes the results from the Phototropism Virtual Laboratory.

 

Read Appendix C, which has headings required in a scientific report:  These subject headings and sections includes an introduction, a materials/methods section, a results section, a discussion section, and a conclusion.

Follow directions in Appendix C to complete the paper.

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Direct Quotes are limited to 2 small quotes (less than 40 words).

Include all references and in-text citations – all should be formatted in APA style.  Include an in-text citation for each paragraph, and include a references section.  Assignments with either of these missing will be considered plagiarism and will not be graded.

Remember, you used the virtual lab as a resource.

 

 

 

 

Appendix C

University of Phoenix Material

 

Appendix C: Organizational Requirements for Phototropism Virtual Laboratory Paper

 

Introduction: Provide readers with the experiment’s background information, and present the hypothesis in 2 paragraphs. The introduction must be written in the present tense. Include the following points:

 

·         Discuss the difference between growth and turgor movement in plants. Define phototropism and gravitropism, and explain the fundamental mechanisms of each movement. Indicate why studying tropisms are important for plant science.

·         State your hypothesis of how meristem movement occurs in plants in response to sunlight. Explain how your hypothesis will be tested. In 1 to 2 sentences, explain what you expect will happen, and include at least one alternative outcome.

Methods: In 2 paragraphs, describe how the phototropism experiment was conducted. Include the following points:

·         Experimental design: Describe treatments for the test seedling and positive and negative controls. Why does the experiment include all three treatments? What does each treatment allow you to understand?

·         Data collection: How did you collect data? Over what time period was it collected?

Results: In no less than 2 paragraphs, describe the results. Include the following points:

·         Begin with a 1- to 2-sentence summary of your findings.

·         Include the graphs generated from your spreadsheet. Your graphs must be labeled. Summarize the results discovered in each graph, and compare results.

Discussion: In no less than 4 paragraphs, describe your findings, and consider their importance to plant science. Include the following points:

·         Summarize findings. State whether your hypothesis was supported.

·         Explain how phototropism occurs. Include at least one explanation from the text. Do your results allow you to support the explanation with 100% certainty? Why or why not?

 

Conclusion: Offer a summary of your findings. Indicate how this experiment will help scientists understand phototropism. Offer at least one example of what still must be learned about phototropism.

 

        BIO 204 Assignments (Week 1 to Week 5)

BIO 204 Week 1 Mitosis Lab

BIO/204 week 1 Plant Cell Organelles and Their Functions Worksheet

BIO 204 Week2 Applying the Concept of Membrane Transport Presentation

BIO/204 Week2 Process of Photosynthesis

BIO/204 week 3 Process of Light Reaction and the Calvin Cycle in Photosynthesis

BIO/204 week 3 Examining Primary and Secondary Growth and Movement of Sugar and Water

BIO/204 week 4 Root Anatomy

BIO/204 week 4 Photosynthetic Stages

BIO/204 week 5 Role of Major Hormones Presentation

BIO/204 week 5 Phototropism Virtual Laboratory

Sheet1

Phototropism Data Sheet
Treatment Census # Day Angle (degrees)
Positive Control Seedling (PC) 1 1
PC Seedling 2 4
PC Seedling 3 8
PC Seedling 4 12
PC Seedling 5 16
Negative Control Seedling (NC) 1 1
NC Seedling 2 4
NC Seedling 3 8
NC Seedling 4 12
NC Seedling 5 16
Test Seedling (TS) 1 1
TS Seedling 2 4
TS Seedling 3 8
TS Seedling 4 12
TS Seedling 5 16

Sheet1

Positive Control
Negative Control
Test Seedling
Number of Days
Meristem Angle (degrees)
Sunflower Meristem Response to Light

Sheet2

Sheet3

 

BIO/204 Week 5 Phototropism Virtual Laboratory

 
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