General Microbiology

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General Microbiology. Question 1.

Define the word ubiquitous, and provide examples showing why this is an appropriate term to use when describing microbes.

Question 2.

You are a researcher researching Zika virus, a mosquito-borne pathogen. The number of cases of Zika have skyrocketed over the past few months and the weather service has recorded the data showing that this summer has been the wettest in the past 50 years. Using the scientific method, develop a sound hypothesis explaining the increase in disease cases and a method for testing this hypothesis.

Question 3.

Humans have learned through history how to use the abilities of microbes to their advantage. Considering ways that we use them (not how they naturally have become part of our microflora), describe 3 methods used in the environment, industry, and in our daily lives.

General Microbiology

 
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Nutrition Homework

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Nutrition Homework.

Assignment Instructions

Pick one of the following four case studies and respond to the questions. Your response should be 300 words or more.  Be sure to use references (APA formatting is suggested) to support your answers.  Here is an excellent reference:  https://www.eatrightpro.org/-/media/eatrightpro-files/practice/position-and-practice-papers/position-papers/nutritionathleticperf.pdf

Case 1: Vitamins

Roger is a starting guard on his college basketball team. He is a leader on his team, stays after practice to work on his shots, and is busy with academic and community life on campus. Because of his hectic schedule, he has little time for meal planning, grocery shopping, and food preparation. Dinner is usually consumed at the athletics training table during the week, and the rest of his meals are costumed either at home or at local restaurants. A 3-day food record kept by Roger recently was analyzed using a nutrition software program. The analysis revealed overall energy intake was not meeting his estimated needs, and vitamins A, C, and folate were consistently low throughout the three days. The rest of the vitamins and minerals met the minimum RDA or AI requirements.

  1. What questions should you ask Roger about his typical daily diet?
  2. What recommendations do you have for Roger to improve his dietary intake of vitamins and his energy intake?
  3. How can you help Roger meet these recommendations?

OR

Case 2: Minerals

Anne participates in triathlons. Recently, in a half-Ironman race, she experienced nausea, intestinal cramping, and diarrhea on the run, leading to poor performance. The entire race took her nearly 6.5 hours. During the bike portion, she consumed 100 oz of a relatively new sports beverage that she has been training with this year, as well as two gels. On the run, she consumed sips of the sports beverage provided on the course but switched over to water once she started experiencing nausea, cramping, and diarrhea. She was frustrated by her performance and wants to ensure that it does not happen again. You ask Anne to bring in the new sports beverage she has been consuming so that you can review the Supplement Facts label. Per 8 oz. serving, the following nutrients are provided: 60 calories, 15 g carbohydrates, 0 g protein, 0 g fat, 100 mg sodium, 50 mg calcium, 30 mg magnesium, and 100 mg potassium.

  1. What could be a potential cause of Anne’s nausea, intestinal cramping, and diarrhea during the race?
  2. How does Anne’s new sports beverage compare with others on the market?
  3. What recommendations would you give to Anne to prevent the symptoms from occurring in future races?

OR

Case 3: Fluids

Chad is a collegiate lacrosse player in Arizona. During the preseason and in-season training, the team will practice for hours, often in 80- to 90-degree weather. The coach incorporates fluid breaks during practice; however, he allows the athletes to consume only water. The coach believes that sports beverages hinder performance and therefore forbids the athletes to consume them. The athletes complain of feeling fatigued, lethargic, and light-headed by the end of practices.

  1. What are the problems in this scenario?
  2. What should the athletes do to feel better throughout their practices?
  3. What hydration principles should the athletes follow?

OR

Case 4: Weight Management

Ian is an 18-year-old gymnast training in a private gym with many other male and female gymnasts. He is competing at an advanced level and is likely to make the next Olympic team. Lately, he has been finding some of his balance and strength moves on the rings and parallel bars more difficult. He has gone through a bit of a growth spurt and has gained approximately 5 pounds over the last year. He suspects the weight gain is causing his performance difficulties. He decides to try a weight loss program that will help you lose weight before his next big competition in six weeks. He is not sure how many calories to consume and therefore, arbitrarily decided to eat 1,500 kcal per day.

  1. Which assessments are required to determine whether Ian needs to lose weight?
  2. What type of diet and exercise plan would you recommend for Ian?
  3. What additional concerns do you have for Ian’s health and sports performance?

Overview of Grading Rubric:

Points (100 total)

Content

33

Answered each question for the selected case

22

Question responses are substantial and thoughtful

15

References used to support answer

10

Free of grammar and spelling errors

10

Greater than 300 words

10

Submitted by the due date

Nutrition Homework

 
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Pick your Pathogen

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Pick your Pathogen.

Week 7 Assignment : Pick your Pathogen

Submit Assignment

· Due Saturday by 12pm EST

 

· Points 50

 

· Submitting a file upload

Required Resources Read/review the following resources for this activity:

· Textbook: Chapter 21, 22, 23

· Lesson

· Minimum of 2 scholarly sources

Instructions

Objective: Select a publication or a newspaper article on a pathogen, apply knowledge learned in BIOS242, and write a paper.

The goal for this project is:

· to make connections between concepts learned in the course and what is observed in a health care setting

· to understand real-life applications of Microbiology

Project Parameters: For this assignment, you will identify a pathogen in a newspaper article or publication of your choice, apply principles learned in BIOS 242, and research the pathogen for its connection to nursing/health care. You must get approval for your chosen article and pathogen. You will then write a paper on their chosen pathogen/topic.

The pathogen can be a bacteria, fungus, protozoa, or virus. In addition to the article, information to include in the paper should include, morphology, gram stain characteristics, virulence factors, susceptibility to antibiotics, host cells, nutritional needs, growth conditions, mechanisms used to evade the immune system and invasion into the host(s), interactions with the hosts and diseases caused and affected body systems. Additionally, students should explain symptoms when the pathogen infects a host, as well as a diagnosis and the therapeutic intervention needed after infection. You may also add information on statistics related to infection (epidemiology) and any new research findings related to the pathogen.

Writing Requirements (APA format)

· Length: 2 pages (not including title page or references page)

· 1-inch margin

· Double spaced

· 12-point Times New Roman font

· Title page

· References page (minimum of 2 scholarly sources)

Grading This activity will be graded using the provided rubric.

Course Outcomes (CO): 10, 11

  

Pick your Pathogen

 
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BIOL 1115 Human Biology Lab 13– Immunology

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BIOL 1115 Human Biology Lab 13– Immunology. 13

INTRODUCTION 

Go to http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/immunology-virtual-lab

Start the Virtual Lab and maximize the screen if you wish. Answer the following questions

DIAGNOSIS 

1. Where are antibodies found?

2. How can they be used in the laboratory?

3. What does ELISA stand for?

4. What are ELISA assays used for in labs?

5. What are the three important limitations of an ELISA? Explain each.

BACKGROUND 

1. What test can be used to determine whether a patient has an infectious or autoimmune disease?

2. What does a positive result indicate?

3. The watery fluid of the blood is called ____________________.

4. What is allowed to react with the target antigen?

5. Detection is possible when _________________________________________________.

6. Once isolated, the secondary antibody can be ____________________________________

7. What is the signaling system?

8. What happens when the appropriate chemical (substrate) is added?

9. How is the test quantified?

10. What does the amount of color reflect?

LAB NOTEBOOK 

Proceed through the entire lab simulation protocol. Be sure to read the captions below the pictures (left side) and the information in the lab notebook (right side). Be sure to “start over” to begin the lab. You CANNOT skip any steps. Answer the following questions as you proceed.

1. What is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

2. From Figure 1 (click on it), what are the four steps of an ELISA protocol?

a. ___________________________________________________________

b. ___________________________________________________________

c. ___________________________________________________________

d. ___________________________________________________________

3. In step 1, you centrifuge the samples. What does a centrifuge do?

4. What are you preparing in step 2? Why are there three different solutions?

5. In steps 3 and 4, you prepare an ELISA plate. What has the ELISA plate been pretreated with? Why?

a. What is the positive control? (Step 4)

b. What is a primary antibody? Please define.

c. What is the negative control? (Step 4)

d. Why is it necessary to have a positive and a negative control? (Step 4)

6. Why incubate the plate in step 5?

7. Next, in step 6, the plate is washed. Why wash the plate?

8. In step 7, a secondary antibody is added. What is a secondary antibody? Please define.

a. What is the attached enzyme in this assay? (Step 7)

b. What is the specific substrate for HRP? What color does it produce? (Step 7)

9. How can the yellow color be quantitatively measured? At what wavelength? (Step 10, in “why”)

10. Record your results. Indicate on this page and on the computer which boxes turned color.

 

A

B

C

+ Control

– Control

 

1:2

 

1:10

 

1:100

11. Did you complete the ELISA correctly? (Yes/No) __________

If yes, proceed to #12 and #14.

If no, proceed to #13 and #14.

12. What do the results indicate about:

Patient A:

Patient B:

Patient C:

13. Explain what you did wrong and what you will need to do next time. For more information, check your printable summary page. Did your incorrect procedure provide you any results? Explain what went wrong.

14. This virtual lab was testing for lupus. How is this same test used to test for the presence of HIV? If the results for an HIV test were the same as in this exercise, what would they indicate about the three patients?

BIOL 1115 Human Biology Lab 13– Immunology

 
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