Blood Transfusions. Blood transfusions are sometimes required in healthcare. Based on what you know about blood anatomy discuss why a patient would need a transfusion of PRBC (packed red blood cells), plasma, or platelets. A patient with anemia has a pulse oximetry reading in the high 80’s, would this be an expected finding, explain?
Mike, 29 years old, was admitted to a community hospital three days ago with weakness and hypotension after sustaining a spider bite while hiking in the woods. Mike has a large hematoma on his left arm where he was bite. He has no prior medical history, no drug allergies, and does not take medication. Mike started to experience moderate respiratory distress, and started oozing blood from his IV sites, nose, and catheter. He is mildly jaundice and his skin is cool. His vital signs include a heart rate of 110 beats per minute and regular blood pressure of 92/44, slightly labored respiratory rate of 22 breaths per minute, and a pulse oximetry reading of 91 percent. What would your initial diagnosis be, explain? What diagnostic test would you order and why? What would you expect the diagnostic test to show? What is the treatment option for the diagnosis?
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Blood Transfusions

 

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Name of enzyme you will use: Catalase. Created an outline.

 

Include the following in your outline:

 

Name of enzyme you will use

Name of organism (if applicable)

The substrate and products in the chemical reaction

Method for measuring enzyme activity

Treatment: acidic fluid(s), pH, length of exposure, how you will treat your samples

The control(s) in the experiment

Hypothesis

How you will present your data (table and/or type of graph)

Anything else you would like to get feedback on before you start your experiment

 

****Here is the outline*****

 

Outline to Final Applied Lab Project:

Enzymes Reaction to Hydrogen Peroxide and Temperatures

 

Name of enzyme you will use:  Catalase

 

Substrate and products in the chemical reaction:  Hydrogen Peroxide

 

Method for measuring enzyme activity:  Balloons

 

Controls:  Independent: Temperature

Dependent:  Balloon

 

Length of exposure:  10 minutes

 

Hypothesis:  The response of enzyme to Hydrogen Peroxide and a specific        temperature

 

How you will present your data: Bar Graph

 

Summary of findings

 

*************************************

 

 

 

Instructions:

 

Demonstration of your knowledge of basic laboratory skills, experimental design, and/or data evaluation will be assessed by the submission of an applied final lab project.

 

Based on the outline, and the Lab submitted, the 4 outcomes need to be addressed

Laboratory Assignments

Addresses course outcomes 1-4:

·       recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problems

·       make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations

·       weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method

·       use knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method, and appropriate technologies to ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusions

 

 

 

Experiment 2: Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity

Pre-Lab Questions

1. What reaction is being used to study the effect of temperature on enzyme activity in this experiment? Temperature can affect the enzyme catalytic reaction.

 

2. What does an increase in balloon diameter mean with respect to enzyme activity? The activity increases as well

 

 

3. Why is important to know this information before starting Experiment #1? The diameter of the balloon will show the activity of the enzyme based upon temperature.

 

Table 2: Balloon Circumference vs. Temperature
Tube	Temperature (°C)	Uninflated Balloon Circumference (cm)	Final Balloon Circumference (cm)	Difference in Balloon Circumference (cm)
1 – (Cold)	1	4 inches	6.5	2.5
2 – (RT)	2.3		6.75	2.75
3 – (Hot)	4		7.25	3.25

 

Insert labeled photos of your initial and final balloons here. Photos must be labeled! Include a note with your name and date on an index card in the pictures.

 

Post-Lab Questions

 

1. What is the enzyme in this experiment? The catalase. What is the substrate? The Hydrogen Peroxide

 

2. What is the independent variable in this experiment? Temperature. What is the dependent variable? Balloon diameter

 

3. How did temperature affect enzyme function? Hot temperature causes high enzyme activity, the cold has less activity, but the room temperature’s activity was slower to react.

 

 

4. Is there a negative control in this experiment? No negative controls. To revise we would use water, therefore nothing would be expected to happen.

 

 

 

© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

Name of enzyme you will use: Catalase

 

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