Health Discussion

Health Discussion. Directions:  Use the investigative skills that you developed using Ruggerio to find current examples of THREE of the Ruggerio types of manipulation in the popular press.

Use the graphic from All Generalizations are False to help you navigate the errors.
Use it for Analysis of your source for reliability and political bent.
http://www.allgeneralizationsarefalse.com/

You may use online sources, newspapers, or magazines for your sources. Your source selections MUST be listed on the All Generalizations are False grid.

Provide your rationale as to why you chose each example (why you think it fits the Ruggerio category) and provide a link for your sources.

LABEL YOUR SOURCE WITH THE guidelines on the All Generalizations are False site.

Your choices need not be health care related.
We will not be using our standard APA format this week. NO REFERENCE LIST IS REQUIRED.
Instead, cut and paste the grid from below, and fill in three sections, working offline. Then paste back into Discussion Boards. Sentence fragments are allowed in the grid. (For readability, please remove the segments you do not use.)

Include an actual headline or article fragment, and a link to where it is found.  You may use political headlines—they are the easiest ones in which to find bias!

I suggest you try to find some sources you read, that may even reflect your own bias so you can explore how you may be influenced.

We will not use our usual rubric for this forum. Instead you will be graded by how completely you provide the information.

NO response posts required this week. BUT, take time to look at the posts of your classmates to get a wider look how bias creeps into the media.

PICK JUST THREE of the boxes to fill in.

Here is an example of using the grid:

1. Biased Headline

Example (include link):

In Lieu Of Flowers, Republicans Could Honor Justice Scalia By Replacing Him

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/republicans-could-honor-justice-scalia-by-replacing-him_us_56c7bb13e4b041136f171dcd

Rationale (using Ruggerio):

: Bias is shown by belittling other side of issue. Uses flippant language and sarcasm for humor. Is editorial in tone, not unbiased news. I chose this example as one that shows how political issues bring one sided analysis in the news.
Source analysis: Huffington Post is on the grid at Hyper-Partisan Left, partially straddling the Skews Left line. It is straddling the Facts line of Analysis and Opinion; Fair Persuasion. It straddles the Yellow and Orange boxes of Fair interpretations of the news and Extreme/Unfair interpretations of the news.

CUT AND PASTE GRID BELOW, choosing three sections to fill out

1. Biased Headline

Example (include link):

Rationale (using Ruggerio):

Source analysis:

2. Biased “Lead”

Example (include link):

Rationale (using Ruggerio):

Source analysis:

3. Biased Reporting of Polls

Example (include link):

Rationale (using Ruggerio):

Source analysis:

4. Biased Handling of Quotations

Example (include link):

Rationale (using Ruggerio):

Source analysis:

5. Dishonest Appeal to Emotion

Example (include link):

Rationale (using Ruggerio):

Source analysis:

6. Stacking the Deck

Example (include link):

Rationale (using Ruggerio):

Source analysis:

7. Suppressing Dissent

Example (include link):

Rationale (using Ruggerio):

Source analysis:

8. Repetition

Example (include link):

Rationale (using Ruggerio):

Source analysis:

Health Discussion

 
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In The Plant Genus Triticum There Are Many Different Polyploid Species

In The Plant Genus Triticum There Are Many Different Polyploid Species. In the plant genus Triticum there are many different polyploid species, as well as diploid species. Crosses were made between three different species, and hybrids were obtained. The meiotic pairing was observed in each hybrid, and this is recorded in the following table. (A bivalent is two homologous chromosomes paired at meiosis, and a univalent is an unpaired chromosome at meiosis.)

Species crossed to make hybrid
Pairing in hybrid

1. T. turdigum Ă— T. monococcum 7 bivalents + 7 univalents
2. T. aestivum Ă— T. monococcum 7 bivalents + 14 univalents
3. T. aestivum Ă— T. turdigum 14 bivalents + 7 univalents

Explain these results and, in doing so,
a) deduce the somatic chromosome number of each species used.
b) state which species are polyploid and whether they are autopolyploids or allopolyploids.
c) account for the chromosome pairing pattern in the three hybrids.In the plant genus Triticum there are many different polyploid species, as well as diploid species. Crosses were made between three different species, and hybrids were obtained. The meiotic pairing was observed in each hybrid, and this is recorded in the following table. (A bivalent is two homologous chromosomes paired at meiosis, and a univalent is an unpaired chromosome at meiosis.)

Species crossed to make hybrid
Pairing in hybrid

1. T. turdigum Ă— T. monococcum 7 bivalents + 7 univalents
2. T. aestivum Ă— T. monococcum 7 bivalents + 14 univalents
3. T. aestivum Ă— T. turdigum 14 bivalents + 7 univalents

Explain these results and, in doing so,
a) deduce the somatic chromosome number of each species used.
b) state which species are polyploid and whether they are autopolyploids or allopolyploids.
c) account for the chromosome pairing pattern in the three hybrids.

In The Plant Genus Triticum There Are Many Different Polyploid Species

 
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Microbiology Introduction Course With Lab

Microbiology Introduction Course With Lab. Microbiology for the Health Professions

Credits – 3 (Lecture) 1 (Lab)

Description

Overview

This course is designed to meet the microbiology prerequisite for students who are applying for admission to health profession programs. Most students taking this course will have an undergraduate degree and will be in the process of a career change. Online Microbiology is a one-semester course.  It will emphasize the concepts that are a necessary groundwork for courses the student will take in his/her professional program.

Topics covered in this course include: the history of microbiology, microbial morphology and physiology, bacterial metabolism, genetics, ecology, and the classification of microorganisms, particularly bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Therapeutic agents used to disrupt and control microbial growth are considered and a body systems approach is utilized in the coverage of diseases.

Materials

Textbook

· Microbiology: A Human Perspective Eugene W. Nester et.al., 7th edition

Note: The e-book version of Nester may not be used on any proctored course exam. Textbooks need to be purchased separately and are not part of your registration fee. All course materials are available through our bookstore at http://www.newengland.bkstr.com

Laboratory Components

It is mandatory for students enrolled in the laboratory component of the course to order a lab kit. The kit must be purchased directly through Hands on Labs and cannot be purchased second hand or from another vendor. Students enrolled in lab must complete both parts of every lab – the assigned experiment and the corresponding assignment online – to earn a grade for the lab. The kits must be ordered immediately upon enrollment in order to ensure materials are on hand for the start of the course. Note: Kits can take 5 – 7 business days to arrive. Go to this link: https://www.holscience.com/mm5/merchant.mvc?Screen=LOGN

1. ENTER Login: C000384

2. ENTER Password: labpaq

3. Choose LP-2231-MB-02: LabPaq, Microbiology, 11 Labs

4. Review the HOL Return and Refund Policy

Learning Objectives and Outcomes

Course Objectives

Upon successful completion of the course students will be able to:

1. Define basic structure/function of microorganisms including prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses, with emphasis on their relationships to human disease and treatment modalities

2. Describe the kinetics and patterns of microbial growth, and environmental factors that alter growth

3. Describe key features of microbial genetics, including DNA structure and function, as well as mechanisms of DNA replication, transcription and translation

4. Explain how and why microbial gene expression is regulated, as well as how genetic mutation and DNA transfer mechanisms affect microbial evolution, fitness and pathogenesis

5. Define and compare beneficial versus pathogenic host-microbial interactions

6. Explain fundamental stains, basic staining techniques, and corresponding bacterial and fungal morphology

7. Describe the clinical manifestations associated with common bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic diseases

8. Describe the uses of the various media and metabolic/enzymatic testing protocols

9. Identify bacterial/fungal toxic and invasive factors and their relationship to the pathogenesis of disease

10. Classify the mechanisms of antibiotic (antibacterial/antifungal), antiparasitic, and antiviral activity, as well as resistance strategies employed by target microorganisms

11. Identify the pathogens commonly associated with infections of the skin, eyes, nervous system, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary tract in humans, as well as their modes of pathogenesis and risk factors associated with each type of disease

12. Identify common healthcare-associated (nosocomial) pathogens

13. Identify disease and likely etiology on the basis of patient signs and symptoms, pertinent history, and lab findings

14. Create a case study outline.

Assignments

Lectures and Laboratories

Our textbook allows students to utilize CONNECT from McGraw-Hill to go through the lecture course material with Learnsmart. This is a good self-assessment tool. The access code for CONNECT may be purchased using a link located within the course homepage in Blackboard.

 

Laboratory Information:

For the laboratory portion of this course, you will be be purchasing a LabPaq lab kit from the Hands On Labs (HOL). Your instructor will provide you with a link that is unique to your class. You will use this link to create an account and set up your profile and submit your work. Additional directions for Getting Started with HOL can be found in the COURSE INFORMATION section of the course.

 

Laboratory Assignments

For students enrolled in the laboratory component, most weeks have an associated laboratory assignment. Complete each assignment online using the HOL Online link provided by your instructor.

Using the HOL resource material, your notes, and in some cases outside research, answer all of the questions in each lab exercise. Your answers must be in the form of complete and grammatically correct sentences with proper spelling, grammar, and capitalization. Be mindful of the spelling for bacterial genus and species names (capitalize genus names, lower case for species names, eg., Streptococcus pyogenes). If a question is asking for terms you are not familiar with, be sure to define and understand those before you answer the question. Reference your facts using in-text citations and AMA format for your outside references.

Once you complete the lab, use the text submission field for this assignment in Blackboard to write a message to your instructor to say that you have completed the assignment. This will serve as an alert to your instructor that your assignment is ready to be reviewed and graded.

Chapter Tests, Vocabulary Quizzes, and Unit Exams

Chapter Tests

The chapter tests are multiple-choice and matching. The tests can be accessed by clicking on the link in Blackboard. The chapter tests are open book and are intended to help you review for the unit exams. They are timed and you have three attempts at each test; the questions for each attempt cover the same material, although they may be different. The highest of the three attempt grades will be recorded in the grade book. If you take the test only once, that grade will be recorded in the grade book. To prepare for the chapter tests, complete the readings, view the lecture material, and review using the CONNECT and other study helps posted in the chapter module. Also, review the end-of-chapter questions and other study aides in your textbook. When you are ready, take the test. If you wish, you may review the material and take the test a second or third time.

Module Vocabulary Quizzes

Each module has a 20-term vocabulary quiz. The terms are selected from the chapter vocabulary lists. The quizzes are taken online through the Blackboard site. Each quiz is accessed by clicking on the link in Blackboard. The quizzes are open book and are intended to help you review for the unit exams. To prepare for the vocabulary quizzes read through the lists of terms for each chapter within the module. Fit the terms into the context of the learning objectives for each chapter. The vocabulary quizzes are timed and you have three attempts at each quiz. When you are ready, take the quiz. If you wish, you may review the material and take the quiz a second or third time.

Unit exams

The five unit exams are timed exams (120 minutes) consisting of multiple choice and matching; with all questions graded automatically upon the completion of the unit exam. These unit exams are single-attempt (with no pauses allowed during the 2-hour time frame) and may be taken only once. The unit exams will be available only after all the quizzes, tests and other assessments in the unit are completed. The exams will include topics covered in the textbook, learning objectives, and lectures for each unit. These exams are open notes and open book; however, you should review the material as though you will not have the notes or book available. There will not be time during the exam to look up every answer. Of the 5 unit exams, your 4 highest exams will count toward your final grade (the lowest score will be dropped). NOTE: Do not schedule your unit exams with ProctorU. Only the HOL Laboratory Final Exam (if you are taking the lab) and the lecture Final Exam need to be proctored.

 

The Microbiology Case Study

You will create a case study for a microbial infection selected from the current pathogen list which your instructor will provide to you. Your case study will be assembled using a detailed rubric. Upon completion, and by a specified due date (within Unit 5), your case study will be submitted using the Blackboard website.

 

Final Exam

The cumulative BIOL 1020 lecture final is a proctored test so plan for at least a three-hour exam period consisting of multiple choice, matching, and short answer questions. It is open book and open notes; however, no electronic memory devices may be used, including but not limited to the internet, other files on a computer, cell phones, tablet devices, smartphones, e-books, etc.

If you have information you wish to use on the Final Exam, it will have to be printed out or hand-written and there are no exceptions to this policy.

HOL Laboratory Final Exam – For Students Enrolled in the Laboratory 

The cumulative BIOL 1020 laboratory final is a proctored test. Plan for at least a three-hour exam period consisting of multiple choice, matching, and short answer questions. It is open book and open notes; however, no electronic memory devices may be used, including but not limited to the internet, other files on a computer, cell phones, tablet devices, smartphones, e-books, etc.

If you have information you wish to use on the HOL Laboratory Final Exam, it will have to be printed out or hand-writtenand there are no exceptions to this policy.

 

Discussion Board Posts

Discussion questions cover interesting current events or materials that contribute to a deeper understanding of key concepts and allow you to interact with your classmates and the instructor. Most of the discussion questions are designed to accompany particular chapters (see specific discussion questions for more information). Each question will require you to conduct internet research, read additional materials (a short journal or magazine article), visit a specific webpage, or view a short video. Then you will write a response following the guidelines in the assignment.

To earn full credit: you will need to post a response, respond to the original posts of at least two other students, and then contribute to an ongoing discussion. For special cases where one or two students are accelerating faster through the course, the instructor will participate in the discussion so that everyone has the opportunity to interact.

Discussion Question Guidelines

1. Read the assignment carefully so that you are familiar with the materials that you need to cover and how to craft your post.

2. Respect each other’s ideas, feelings, and experience. Some of the questions involve areas of disagreement. Expect your classmates to have different opinions.

3. Use proper writing style. Correct spelling and sentence structure are expected just as if you were writing a regular paper. Use spell check and grammar check before you submit.

4. Write your posting in a word document! That way you can save a copy and use spell check and grammar check.

5. Cite the sources that you use to write your response. Follow the AMA guidelines.

6. Avoid posting large blocks of text. Break your writing into paragraphs and use a space between paragraphs to make your posting easier to read online.

7. Subscribe to the discussion so that you get email updates when there is activity.

8. Use the “reply” button rather than the “compose” button when responding to someone else’s post.

9. When responding to a classmate, address them by name.

10. Do not use postings such as “I agree,” “I don’t know either,” or “ditto.” They do not add to the discussion, take up space on the Discussions, and will not be counted.

11. Everyone benefits from an active discussion. Check back in frequently to see what others are saying.

12. Plan your time carefully. You will need to give your classmates time to respond to your postings. This is an asynchronous class where students will be in different points of the class.

13. Contact your instructor if there are schedule problems or other issues that need to be resolved.

Examinations and Grading Information

For students taking the lecture course only, the final course grade will be determined as follows:

Chapter Tests and Module Vocabulary Quizzes 20% of the final grade
5 Unit Exams (drop lowest score; 4 in total) 20% of the final grade
Final Exam 20% of the final grade
Case Study 20% of the final grade
Discussion Boards 20% of the final grade
Total Course Grade 100%

 

For students taking the lecture course with the laboratory, your final grade will be determined as follows:

Chapter Tests and Module Vocabulary Quizzes 20% of the lecture grade
5 Unit Exams (lowest score is dropped, 4 total) 20% of the lecture grade
Final Exam 20% of the lecture grade
Case Study 20% of the lecture grade
Discussion Boards 20% of the lecture grade
Total 100% of the lecture grade
12 Laboratory Exercise Assessments

HOL Laboratory Final Exam

60% of the laboratory grade

40% of the laboratory grade

 

Final Grade  
Lecture Grade 75% of Final Grade
Laboratory Grade 25% of Final Grade
Total Course Grade 100%

A letter grade is assigned according to the scheme below. The final course grade will not be posted until all the quizzes, tests, exams, and case study, are completed. For those students taking the laboratory, all lab exercise assessments and the laboratory Final Exam must be also be submitted.

Grade Scale

Grade Points Grade Point Average (GPA)
A 94 – 100% 4.00
A- 90 – 93% 3.75
B+ 87 – 89% 3.50
B 84 – 86% 3.00
B- 80 – 83% 2.75
C+ 77 – 79% 2.50
C 74 – 76% 2.00
C- 70 – 73% 1.75
D 64 – 69% 1.00
F 00 – 63% 0.00

Schedule

Course Outline

Microbiology BIOL 1020

Lecture and Lab Schedule

Unit Module Lecture topic Textbook chapter HOL Laboratory Exercise
1. Life and Death of

Microbes

1 Humans and the Microbial World 1 #1: Microbiology Laboratory Preparation
    The Molecules of Life

(Note: There is no lecture or quiz for Chapter 2. You need to be familiar with the topics, but will not be asked specific questions from this chapter on the exam.)

2  
    Microscopy and Prokaryotic Cell Structure 3  
  2 Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth 4 #2: Microscopy for Microbiology
    Control of Prokaryotic Growth 5  
  3 Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth 6 #3: Aseptic Technique and Culturing Microbes
    Review for and take the Unit I Exam  
2. Microbial

Genetics and

Diversity

4 DNA to Proteins 7 #4: Bacterial Enumeration – Dilutions and Plate Counts
    Bacterial Genetics 8  
    Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA 9  
  5 Identification and Classification of Prokaryotic Organisms 10 #5: Bacterial Morphology and Staining Techniques
    The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms 11  
    The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial

World

12  
  6 Viruses, Prions, and Viroids: Infectious Agents of Plants and Animals 13 #6: Antibiotic Sensitivity – Kirby Bauer Diffusion Test
    Review for and take the Unit II Exam  
Unit Module Lecture topic Textbook reading HOL Laboratory Exercise
3. Microorganisms

and Humans

7 The Innate Immune Response 14 #7: Biochemical Testing For Microbial Identification – Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, and Catalase
    The Adaptive Immune Response 15  
  8 Immunological Disorders 17 #8: Biochemical Testing For Microbial Identification – Carbohydrate Fermentation Testing
    Applications of the Immune response 18  
  9 Host-Microbe Interactions 16 #9: Bacterial Identification Through Functional Media – Motility Testing
    Epidemiology 19  
  10 Antimicrobial Medications 20 #10:Environmental Influences on Microbial Growth – Salt Tolerance and pH Testing
    Review for and take the Unit III Exam  
4. Infectious

Diseases

11 Respiratory Infections 21 #11: Fomite Transmission
    Skin Infections 22  
  12 Wound Infections 23 #12: Food Safety
    Digestive System Infections 24  
  13 Genitourinary Infections 25  
    Nervous System Infections 26  
  14 Blood and Lymphatic System Infections 27 HOL Laboratory Final Exam: Prepare for the Laboratory Final Exam
    HIV Disease and Complications of Immunodeficiency 28  
    Schedule your HOL Laboratory Final Exam with ProctorU (at least one week prior to taking the exam)

Review for and take the HOL Laboratory Final Exam

Review for and take the Unit IV Exam

Request the current pathogen list from your instructor for your Case Study!

5. Applied

Microbiology

15 Microbial Ecology 29  
    Environmental Microbiology 30  
    Food Microbiology 31  
  16 Review for and take the Unit V Exam

Submit your Case Study!

Schedule your Final Exam with ProctorU (at least one week prior to taking the exam)

Review for and take the Final Exam

 

Student Resources

Course Length

A schedule of lectures and assignments is included in this syllabus. This is, however a self-paced course and you can complete the course in less time.

1. Courses in SPHP program are equivalent to one-semester courses designed to be completed in 16 weeks

2. Enrollment in the course begins the day your section opens which is listed in the Academic Calendar found on the Student Success Portal.

3. Course start and end dates are in respect to Eastern Standard Time.

Incomplete Grade Policy

Students are expected to complete all course work by the end date of the course. To view the incomplete grade policy, please click here.

Microbiology Introduction Course With Lab

 
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Anatomy & Physiology Homework

Anatomy & Physiology Homework. Dangerously Thin: A Case Study on the Genetic Code

At 65 years old, Henry Blake was in excellent health and enjoying his first year of retirement. Upon returning from his dream trip to the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, he noticed that his left leg was swollen just inferior to the knee. He already had scheduled an appointment for a complete physical, so he knew that in a few days he would be able to have his physician look at his leg.

Dr. Strickland had been the Blake family doctor for more than 40 years. Knowing that Henry had planned to do some traveling, Dr. Strickland opened with a question that Henry initially found to be a bit out of the ordinary.

“Any chance this swelling showed up after a long flight?”

“As a matter of fact it did,” Henry replied.

“My gut tells me that you may have a clot in that leg, but we’ll have to have a look at it before we’ll know for sure.”

Dr. Strickland knew that Henry’s family had a history of clotting disorders, and he had recently treated Henry’s brother for a deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a disorder that gets its name from the blood clots that form in a vein deep within the leg. A DVT was confirmed by the Doppler ultrasonography results (a test that uses sound to create images of blood flow). Dr. Strickland placed Henry on a “blood thinning” drug called warfarin, which works by preventing clots from forming.

Henry returned to his retirement plans but quickly found himself back in Dr. Strickland’s office after suffering from frequent nose bleeds. A laboratory test called an INR (International Normalized Ratio) was performed. This test measures the time it takes for blood to clot and compares it to an average. The test revealed that the time it took for Henry’s blood to clot was well above what would be expected for the dose of warfarin that he had been placed on. Dr. Strickland immediately took Henry off of his warfarin treatments and asked that he come in every three days for blood tests. Dr. Strickland became concerned when Henry’s abnormal INR results continued long after he had stopped taking warfarin.

Through genetic testing, Henry was found to carry a mutation in a gene for an enzyme called CYP2C9. While the strange name of the gene does not really fully appear to capture the importance of its function, it has a role in breaking down more than 15% of the drugs currently in use, and as many as 35% of people carry a slower acting form of this enzyme. The portion of Henry’s DNA that codes for the CYP2C9 enzyme contains more than 1,400 nucleotides. Henry carries two copies of the CYP2C9 gene, and the tests showed that both of them contain a mutation. On one of these genes, the 1075th nucleotide has been changed from an adenine (A) to a cytosine (C). This mutation converts an ATT triplet code in the coding strand of the DNA molecule to CTT. In Henry’s other CYP2C9 gene, the 430th nucleotide has been changed from a cytosine (C) to a thymine (T). The DNA triplet code CGT in the coding strand becomes TGT as a result of this mutation. Henry was considered a poor metabolizer (PM) because both of his CYP2C9 genes contained a mutation, and therefore he was not making any fully functional enzyme. People who carry two normal copies of the gene are referred to as extensive metabolizers (EM) for their ability to quickly break down drug molecules.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why would someone with this type of mutation be at a much higher risk for overdosing on a prescribed drug?

2. The underlying problem in this case resides in Henry’s “genes.” From what you know about the function of a gene, explain how this problem led to a malfunction in one of Henry’s proteins (the CYP2C9 enzyme).

3. The DNA changes that are described in Henry’s story are changes to the coding strands of the CYP2C9 genes. What is the function of the coding strand and how does it differ from the function of the template strand of Henry’s CYP2C9 gene?

4. Consider the following DNA sequence found on a different portion the coding strand of Henry’s CYP2C9 gene: TTACCGAGA

a. What would be the sequence of the template strand on this portion of the gene?

b. How many triplet codes does this DNA sequence contain?

c. What would be the sequence of the mRNA after this sequence is transcribed?

d. How many amino acids does this portion of Henry’s coding stand actually code for?

5. In the first mutation of the CYP2C9 gene described in Henry’s story, the 1075th nucleotide had changed from an adenine (A) to a cytosine (C). This mutation converts an ATT triplet code in the coding strand of the DNA molecule to CTT. Beginning with this triplet code on the DNA, describe the effect that this change would have on the following:

a. The nucleotide sequence on the template strand of the gene.

b. The mRNA codon that results after this triplet code is transcribed.

c. The anticodon on the tRNA molecule that is complementary to the mRNA codon described above.

d. The amino acid that would be carried by the tRNA molecule described above.

6. In Henry’s other CYP2C9 gene, the 430th nucleotide had changed from a cytosine (C) to a thymine (T). This mutation converts a CGT triplet code in the coding strand of the DNA molecule to TGT. Beginning with this triplet code on the DNA, describe the effect that this change would have on the following:

a. The nucleotide sequence on the template strand of the gene.

b. The mRNA codon that results after this triplet code is transcribed.

c. The anticodon on the tRNA molecule that is complementary to the mRNA codon described above.

d. The amino acid that would be carried by the tRNA molecule described above.

7. From what you understand about enzymes, explain why a change in an amino acid would cause Harry’s enzyme to lose its function.

8. In both of Henry’s mutations, it is the first nucleotide in the DNA triplet code that has been changed.

a. Using the genetic code chart below, create a list of single nucleotide changes in the two affected triplet codes described for Henry’s genes that could occur WITHOUT resulting in a change in the amino acid in the enzyme.

NOTE: The code chart below contains mRNA codons and the amino acids associated with those codons. Your list should contain DNA triplet codes.

image1.png

b. How many triplet code changes did you find that could occur WITHOUT resulting in an amino acid change in the enzyme?

c. Which position (first, second, or third) did the changes occur within the DNA triplet codes you listed above?

d. What would you conclude from the pattern that emerged?

Anatomy & Physiology Homework

 
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