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Hospital Readmission As of October 1, 2012, hospitals in the United States with excessive numbers of readmissions based on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) data were penalized. Therefore, it is important for hospitals to identify the risk factors associated with readmission. The following data represent statistics on patients readmitted within 30 days and those not readmitted within 30 days of being discharged at a community hospital. Conduct the appropriate test for each variable that might be associated with readmission (age, length of stay, and so on). Researchers wonder if:

• the readmits tend to be older

• is length of stay longer for readmits

• were a higher proportion of readmits admitted the previous calendar year

• were a higher proportion of readmits discharged in winter

• were a higher proportion of readmits on the cardiac floor

Write a short report detailing your findings.

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Visual versus Textual Learners Researchers wanted to know whether there was a difference in comprehension among students learning a computer program based on the style of the text. They randomly divided 36 students of similar educational level, age, and so on, into two groups of 18 each. Group 1 individuals learned the software using a visual manual (multimodal instruction), while group 2 individuals learned the software using a textual manual (unimodal instruction). The following data represent scores that the students received on an exam given to them after they studied from the manuals.

(a) What type of experimental design is this?

(b) What are the treatments?

(c) A normal probability plot and boxplot indicate it is reasonable to use Welch’s -test. Is there a difference in test scores at the  level of significance?

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You have graduated with a business degree, and you have worked for three years for a small management consulting firm. Ivan Steeger (1352 Bull Run Road, Milltown, OR 97111) is a client who has been involved with several businesses in the past. He expects to be the major provider of equity capital for a new mail-order low-fat cookie business. His co-owners, who have baking expertise and a talent for developing recipes, will run the business. The owners are about to meet to determine what equipment they will purchase for the business. Ivan gives you the following information about the business and their plans:

• Ivan will be providing about 25% of the financing; the remainder will be debt. Ivan will probably have to give his personal guarantee for much of the debt. The exact amount of debt will depend on the price of the equipment they decide to purchase.

• They expect business growth of about 20% for each of the first five years.

• All of the equipment has an expected life of at least five years. They will definitely purchase mixing and baking equipment. They must decide whether to add equipment that will shape cookies automatically, or hire employees to do the shaping.

• They also must decide what capacity they prefer in their initial equipment purchase. Smaller-capacity equipment would handle their expected demand for the first two years, operating eight hours a day. Equipment with twice the capacity would cost approximately 50% more.

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Being an entrepreneur in a small and young market like Oman is not easy if you don’t go lean. With only some 3 million citizens as your potential clients, launching a new product without thoroughly studying the market needs is not a good idea. Omani serial entrepreneur Qais Al-Khonji admits that he failed at his first startup because he did not research the market’s needs, and did not follow a lean methodology, which would involve testing and iterating his approach based on market response.But Al-Khonji has embraced his failure, and moved on to his next projects. “I try and learn even though this means losing. I consider the benefits to be in learning and failure a step towards success,” he says. Al-Khonji is not your typical entrepreneur; you wouldn’t necessarily meet him at an entrepreneurship event, or watch him pitch his startups to investors.He’s started five startups in the past three years, and he’s embraced failure with most of them, closing down four. But business is what he loves, and he’s ready to get back up and do it again. “I want to be my own boss and work at what I love doing,” he confessed. Al-Khonji focuses on the importance of applying a lean methodology in Oman and reveals some of the challenges entrepreneurs from family businesses in the Gulf might face.The son of a well-to-do Omani family that runs real estate business Mohamed and Ahmed Al- Khonji in the U.K., Dubai and Oman, 32-year-old Al-Khonji worked in banking for many years and now makes a living by advising four of his family companies. Yet in 2010, he decided to throw himself into entrepreneurship, starting by launching his first company, Qais United Agency, which imported and sold Chinese water filtration systems in the Omani market. After 18 months, in mid- 2011, Al-Khonji closed it down because it didn’t get the traction he w 2as hoping for.Then, in early 2012, he launched 4 startups at once, offering services in very different sectors, including education, health tourism, an electrical freezing technology, and digital meters for water and electricity. Three of them failed, he says, again because they didn’t succeed quickly enough, and he wasn’t motivated to stick it out.Now, he is focusing on his digital meter company, hoping to build it into a “long term business,” he says. “It will take some time to pick up and make revenue.” He’s also working as a reseller for Thermax, an Indian engineering solutions company in Oman, and is in the process of launching solar energy products. Shifting from a family business to a completely new entrepreneurial mindset is not something that happens overnight, but moving towards a lean approach could help him find better product-market fit. Here are a few lessons to take away from his story:
question – Market research is critical. In the five startups that he already launched, Al-Khonji choose the sector according to his own skills (business) and his partner’s skills (education). He’ll be the first to admit that he didn’t study the market needs to determine if someone would actually use the products he is importing. Lean approach: Look at market needs. An exciting idea is not enough if the market isn’t hungry for it.

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