Dunnam v. Burns

FACTS Defendant (Louis Dunnam) and Steve Oualline jointly borrowed $35,000 from plaintiff (Ken Burns) and agreed to repay the principal plus $5,000 six months later. After defendant defaulted on the loan, plaintiff sued to recover. Dunnam defended by claiming the loan was usurious. The trial court ruled in favor of the plaintiff, and defendant appealed.

DECISION Judgment for defendant

OPINION Defendant claims the trial court erred by refusing to submit his usury defense to the jury. Usury is interest in excess of the amount permitted by law. For most transactions between private persons, the maximum allowable rate of interest is 18 percent if the parties agree on a rate of interest and 6 percent if they do not. Persons who contract for or collect usurious interest are subject to penalties that may exceed the total value of the contract.
When money is advanced in exchange for an obligation to repay the advance plus an additional amount, the added amount is interest that may not exceed the statutory maximum. Thus, defendant’s absolute obligation to pay $5,000 in addition to the principal renders the additional amount interest. Plaintiff argues that he did not “charge” such interest because the instrument was drafted by defendant and because plaintiff was actually interested in collecting only the principal amount. However, a document that contains an absolute obligation to repay a loan together with interest in excess of the amount permitted by statute is usurious on its face. The specific intent of the lender is immaterial because it is presumed to be reflected in the document he signs. The drafter of the usurious promissory note is simply irrelevant. The instrument embodies a usurious transaction, and plaintiff, as the lender, contracted for usurious interest.

INTERPRETATION Usury statutes establish a maximum rate of interest for which a lender may charge a borrower.

CRITICAL THINKING QUESTION Should the law establish maximum rates of interest? If so, in what situations?

Rates of Returns of Stocks Stocks may be categorized by sectors. Go to the book’s website to obtain the data file 11_4_21 using the file format of your choice for the version of the text you are using. The data represent the one-year rate of return (in percent) for a sample of consumer cyclical stocks and industrial stocks for the period December 2013 through November 2014. Note: Consumer cyclical stocks include names such as Starbucks and Home Depot. Industrial stocks include names such as 3M and FedEx. In Section 11.3, we learned that industrial stocks appear to have a higher mean rate of return. Does this suggest that industrial stocks are riskier as measured by the standard deviation rate of return?